Pathology 9 - MSK Flashcards

1
Q

RC tear - cause of tear

A

traumatic
or
degentrative

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2
Q

RC tear - special tests

A

drop arm

painful arm

ER lag sign

RC - MMT’s

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3
Q

RC tear - degentractive tear population

A

> 50

due to chronic degen patho

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4
Q

RC tear - partial thickness tear vs full thickness

A

partial : only through part of the tendon

full: complete tear of the tendon

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5
Q

RC tear - size of full tear

A

1 cm = small

5 cm = large

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6
Q

RC tear - signs and symptoms (arm position)

A

add and IR

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7
Q

RC tear - signs and symptoms

A

point tenderness at greater tubercle and acromion

lack of shoulder flexion and abd - upper trap recruitment

increased tone in anterior shoulder region

pain in lateral shoulder and raditing pain in the upper arm

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8
Q

RC tear - how long is immoblization normally after surgery for large tears

A

4-6 weeks

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9
Q

RC tear - how long to return to function actives that include over head actives

A

9 - 12 months

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10
Q

RC tear - what tendon is often involved

A

supraspinatus

with more traumatic subscapularis and infraspinauts may get involved

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11
Q

RC tear - what is the most common complaint

A

pain and weakness

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12
Q

what nerve serve the subscapular muscle

A

subscapular nerve (C5,6,7)

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13
Q

what does the suprascapular nerve serve in the RC

A

infraspinatus and supraspinatus

C5 and C6

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14
Q

what nerve serve the teres minor

A

axillary nerve

C5 and C6

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15
Q

what is the function of the suprspinatus

A

assist with abd

depress the humeral head

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16
Q

what is the function of the teres minor and infraspinatus

A

ER

GH ext - just infra

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17
Q

what is the function of the subscapularis

A

IR

depress the humeral head

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18
Q

RC - is pain normally more with full or partial tear

A

patrial tear because of the pressure on the remain tendon

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19
Q

RC tear - imaging

A

MRI

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20
Q

special tests for the supraspinatus

A

empty can

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21
Q

what is more aggressive ampty can or full can

A

empty can

this why we test it second

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22
Q

biceps tendon rupture - pop

A

men 40-60

secondary to chronic inflammation or degeneration

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23
Q

biceps tendon rupture - pain presentation

A

worse with overhead activities

pain is the primary characteristix

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24
Q

what are the special tests for a SLAP lesion

A

Obrien’s

anterior slide test

biceps 1 and 2

crank

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25
Q

what are the special test with SLAP lesion and long head of the biceps tendon

A

YSL

yergasons

speeds

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26
Q

will osgood-schlatter diease take care of it self

A

yes the condition normally resolve in time without intervention

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27
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - what kind of disorder

A

congenital connective tissue disorder

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28
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - what does it effect

A

affects the formation of collagen during bone development

reduced collagen production by 20-50%

29
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - TYPE 1

A

mildest form

near normal growth
freq fx - normally stop after puberty

no deformity

blue sclera
easy bruising
triangular face
possible hearing loss

30
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - TYPE 2

A

most severe

child dies in utero or by early childhood
soft skull

31
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - TYPE 3

A

severe

greater ossification of the skull compared to type 2

multiple fx
growth retardation
severe osteoprosis
deformities
sig limitation in functional mobility

blue sclera
trianglur face

32
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - TYPE 4

A

milder

fx prior to puberty
hearing loss

may or may not have short stature
bowing of long bones
barrel of ribs
normal sclera
brittle teeth

normal life expantyy

33
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - how do we get it

A

inherited

1 and 4: autosomal dominent

2 and 3: autosomal recessive trait

34
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - sign and sym

A

pathological fx

osteoporosis

hypermobile joints

bowing of the long bones

weakness

scoliosis

impaired respiratory function

35
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - treatment PT

A

AROM that are symmetrical

positioing

functional mobility

36
Q

what does congenital mean

A

a condition. that exist at birth

37
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - testing lab

A

skin biopsy is used to examin collogen

Xray to look at deformities

bone desitometer- used to measure bone mass

38
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - type 1 what type of amb

A

community

39
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - type 4 what type of amb

A

1/2 household

1/4 community

40
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - type 3 what kind of amb

A

1/4 houselhold

41
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - pharm

A

biophosphate drugs

42
Q

what is the function of biophosphate drugs

A

increase bone density

43
Q

whould kids be given steriods

A

no - becasue deplete bone and increass fragility

44
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - what weight should the orhtodics be

A

light weight

45
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - strengthing activities don’ts

A

rotational forces

placing weight or resistance near a joint

using long lever arms

46
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - when is rodding indicated

A

fx in the same bone within 6 months

when the angle of a long bone does not allow for stable amb

47
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - amb prediction

A

type of OI

childs ability to sit by 10 months

48
Q

what is the best way to determine if someone has osteomyltis

A

bone biopsy

49
Q

is PFPS more common in women or men

A

women - htink of me as a runner

50
Q

sciatic nerve root levels

A

L4-S3

51
Q

what is a duck bill deformity

A

a swan neck deformity of the thumb

52
Q

what is the orthopedic condition to mimics L1-L5 radiulopathy

A

piriformis syndrome

53
Q

OA pain is described as

A

deep, poorly localized, and aching which is exacerbated by activity and relieved by rest.

54
Q

what is the peak onset for OA

A

late 40-50s

55
Q

According to the American College of Rheumatology, how many of the 7 criteria must be satisfied for a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis to be confirmed?

A

4 of the 7

56
Q

deformities and RA

A

affects joints symmetrically, but deformities are asymmetrical

asymmetry is attributed to increased use of a dominant extremity or protection of a painful extremity.

57
Q

what is chondromalacia patella

A

softening of the articular cartilage of the patella

58
Q

what are the signs and sym of chondromalacia patella

A

anterior knee pain,

pain with prolonged sitting,

swelling,

crepitus

pain when ascending and descending stairs.

59
Q

Which areas of the spine are most susceptible to osteoarthritis?

A

lower cervical and lower lumbar

60
Q

what areas are the most susceptible to osteoarthritis due to obesity

A

Knees > hip > hands

61
Q

what is coxa vara and valga

A

the angle of the femoral head

normal is 125-deg

62
Q

what is genu vara and valga

A

valgum = knocked knees

varus = bowed knees

63
Q

what is femoral anterversion and retroversion

A

transverse plane femur

toes in = retroversion (decreased angle)

toes out = anterversion (increased angle)

64
Q
A
65
Q

what is Femoroacetabular impingement

A

a condition in which one or both bones of the hip joint are irregularly shaped, causing them to rub against one another.

CAM = men

PINCER = women

66
Q

CAM FAIS

A

femoral head is misshapen

67
Q

Pincer FAIS

A

overgrowth of the acetabular rim.

68
Q

Pain from osteoarthritis of the hip is most commonly experienced in which location?

A

groain

69
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta’s hypermobile or hypoobile joint

A

hypermobile joints