Pathology 13 - MSK Flashcards
total shoulder arthroplasty - who is a candidate
severe pain and impaired shoulder motion 2/2 deterioration of the GH joint
conservative treatment has failed
total shoulder arthroplasty - what disease can lead to this procedure
OA
RA
AVN
trauma - Fx
what is a comminuted fracture
a broken bone that has separated into three or more pieces
total shoulder arthroplasty - can freq dislocation be a cause of this
yes
what is paget’s disease
interferes with your body’s normal recycling process, in which new bone tissue gradually replaces old bone tissue.
Over time, bones can become fragile and misshapen.
The pelvis, skull, spine and legs are most commonly affected.
osteoclast function is hieghted
total shoulder arthroplasty - imging
xray - show the amount of degeneration within the shoulder complex
MRI/CT: looks at the integrity of the RC and deltiod muscle shurronding the joint
total shoulder arthroplasty - surgical complication
mechanical loosening of the prosthesis
instability
RC -tear
implant failure
heterotrophic ossification
intraoperative fx
total shoulder arthroplasty - hospital stay time
2-5 days
heterotrophic ossification
a condition where bone abnormally forms in soft tissues where it shouldn’t, like muscles or tendons, typically occurring after an injury, surgery, or neurological damage, resulting in painful joint stiffness and limited range of mo
total shoulder arthroplasty - when does PT start after procedure
day after procedure
shoulder normally in a sling during this period
total shoulder arthroplasty - when do we start AROM
not in the first stage of rehab
total shoulder arthroplasty - precautions movement
not IR or ER beyond 35-40-deg during the first 2-3 post op
shoulder hemi-arthoplasty - what is it
the replacedment of the head and neck of the humerus leaving the gleniod intact
shoulder hemi-arthoplasty - when is it indicated
humeral head deteriotation
fx without healing
pt does not have enough bone density to support the glenoid component
what is osteosarcoma
the 2nd most common type of cancer that starts in the bones
highligh maligant
transfemoral amp 2/2 osteosarcoma - what bone are normally effect by this cancer
bones with a growth phase, long bones
tibia, femur, humerous, pelvis
transfemoral amp 2/2 osteosarcoma - why do we perform amp
to prevent the spread of this disease
transfemoral amp 2/2 osteosarcoma - what POP
male children, teens, and young adults
<30 years old
transfemoral amp 2/2 osteosarcoma - risk factors
paget’s disease
osteoblastoma
giat cell tumor
osteomyelitis
transfemoral amp 2/2 osteosarcoma - what joint is most often effected
knee
transfemoral amp 2/2 osteosarcoma - what can used for imaging
X-ray
MRI
scintigraphy
what is a scintigraphy
procedure that produces pictures (scans) of structures inside the body, including areas where there are cancer cells.
transfemoral amp 2/2 osteosarcoma - cofirmation od disease presents
biopsy
transfemoral amp 2/2 osteosarcoma - sym associated with chemo
anemia
fatigue
abnormal bleeding
infection
kidney impairment
transfemoral amp 2/2 osteosarcoma - why do we have the pt like in prone
the prevent
hip flexion contracture
kne flexion contracture
transfemoral amp 2/2 osteosarcoma - what is serial casting used for
when a patient has a contracture
what is E wing sarcoma
malignant non-osteogenic primary none tumeur thay infilrates the bone marrow
what pop for ewing sarcoma
children and teen < 20 yo
transtib 2/2 arteriosclerosis obliterans - what is AO also known as
Peripheral arterial disease
transtib 2/2 arteriosclerosis obliterans - what is PAD
thickening, hardening of the art - leads to eventual occulsion of the art
transtib 2/2 arteriosclerosis obliterans - what does PAD result in
ischemia and ulceration of effected tissue
effected area can become necrotic, gangernous > therefore requiring amp
transtib 2/2 arteriosclerosis obliterans - risk factors
age
DM
high serum cholesterol
high low density lipid levels
smoking
sendartary lifestyle
what are the risk factors for stroke
previous stroke
birth control
high blood pressure
smoking
heart disease
transtib 2/2 arteriosclerosis obliterans - does PAD go away
nope it is a chronic disease
gangrenous vs necrotic
necrosis refers to the entire process of irreversible cell death, while gangrene is a term used to refer to tissue death due to some form of interrupted blood supply
what is an exmaple of a cluadication test
Ankle-brachial index (ABI)
how do we perform the ABI
systolic is measure in both brachial art and both tibial art
how do we calculate ABI
higher of 2 ankles / higher of 2 brahcial
ankle/arm
ABI: >1.4
rigid art
US needed to check for PAD
ABI 1.0 - 1.4
normal
no blockage
ABI: 0.8 - 0.99
mild block
start of PAD
ABI: 0.4 - 0.79
moderate block
may be associated with intermittent claudication during exercise
ABI: <0.4
severe blockage
sever PAD
claudication at rest
what is segmental limb pressure test used for
a non-invasive test that measures blood pressure in the arms and legs to assess blood flow and identify blockages
what is barthel index
for Activities of Daily Living (ADL) assesses functional independence,
what is wagners test for
used for diabetic foot unlcers
what is braden scale for
a tool used to assess a patient’s risk of developing pressure ulcers
