Pathology 3 - MSK Flashcards
De quervian’s tenosynovitis - patho
inflammation of the tendon as they go through synovial sheath
EPB
FPL
De quervian’s tenosynovitis - onset
rep activities of thumb abd and extension
racquet ball sports
repeated heavy lifting
De quervian’s tenosynovitis - presentation
pain and tenderness of the anatomical snuffbox that occasionally radiates into the forearm
De quervian’s tenosynovitis - gradual or sudden?
can be either sudden or gradual
De quervian’s tenosynovitis - more likely in what population
women and new mothers
De quervian’s tenosynovitis - lab test
not performed normally
De quervian’s tenosynovitis - testing
flinkestein
Disk herniation - most common MOI
twisting and bending of the spine
sometime with the addition of the external load
Disk herniation - acute or progressive
either
Disk herniation - patho
expulsion of the nucleus pulposus of the disk
Disk herniation - what part of the disk normally herniate
the posterior lateral disk
this is the weakest point
Disk herniation - what level is most common
L4-L5
Disk herniation - risk factors
overweight
occupation that involves twisting, bending, and lifting
Disk herniation - clinical presentation
back pain
radiating pain down leg - uni
numbness, tingling, and weakness
Disk herniation - imaging
MRI is used most common
electromyography and nerve conduction - used to examine the extent of nerve damage
what is electromyography (EMG)
a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of muscles and nerves
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - progressive or stable
progressive
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - cause
X-linnked recessive trait
the absence of a gene required to produce the muscle protien dystrophin and nebulin
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - what happens without these muscle proteins
muscle contratability is lost
the destroyed muscle cells are replaced by fat deposits
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - population
mother is silent carrier
only male offspring will manifest the disease
X-linked recessive trait
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - signs and sym age of onset
2-5 years old
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - signs and sym
progressive weakness - proximal muscles
falling
toe walking, waddling
excessive lordosis
pseudohypertrophy of muscles
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - treatment
family and caregiver edu and training
sub max exercises
respiratory function
splinting and orthodics
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - med management
immunosuppressant
steriods
surgical intervention
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - how is it normally ID
child using gower’s maneuver to get off the ground
gower’s maneuver
The child assumes the hands-and-knees position and then climbs to a stand by “walking” his hands progressively up his shins, knees, and thigh
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - most progressive period
there is a rapid progression of the disease with the child unable to walk by the age 10-12
Duchenne muscular dystrophy - death is normally 2/2 what
cardiac complication
respiratory muscle dysfunction
Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) other name
landouzyDejerine dystrophy
Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD)- what is it
unknown genetic inherited disease
presents later in child life (7-20)
facial and shoulder girdle weakness
weakness lifting arms over head
hard time closing eyes
life span remians normal
GH instability - what is it
refers to instability translation of the humeral head on the glenoid during active rot
GH instability - is cause of a disorder of what
static or dynamic stabilzers of the shoulder
GH instability - sublexation id defined as what
the humeral head passively shifting 50% over the glenoid
GH instability - dislocation defined
the complete seperation of the the articular surfaces of the glenoid and the humeral head
GH instability - and labrum detachment
85% of GH disloaction lead to detachment of the labrum
GH instability - what kind of dislocation is most common
anterior dislocation
GH instability - subluxation signs and systems
the shoulder feeling like it is popping in and out back into place
parathesia
pain
dead arm
GH instability - dislocation signs and sym
severe pain
paraesthia
limited ROM
weakness
visable shoulder fullness
arm support by contralateral limb
GH instability - what muscle do we focus on in treatment
IR, ER, and large scapular muscles
what position do GH anterior dislocation occur
shoulder in ER, ABD, and EXT
think of hitting a volley ball
what is the most dislocated joint
the shoulder
shoulder dislocation occurs in what population
sports participation
elderly secondary to a fall
nerve issues seen with anterior shoulder dislocation
radial
axillary
musculocutaneus
GH dislocation imagining
xray is normally perfromed before and after the shoulder has been reduced
MRI is used if a soft tissue injury is suspected
