Pathology 11 - MSK Flashcards by VB VB

spinal stenosis - what is it

the narrowing of the lumbar vert foremen or the intervertbral foremen

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spinal stenosis - what are syms normally 2/2

compression on either the spinal cord or the nerve roots

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spinal stenosis - primary

result of congenital malformatioj of the spinal structures

small precentages of cases

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spinal stenosis - secondary

narrowing 2/2 acquired chnages in the foramina

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spinal stenosis - structures normally involved

vert segment s

disk herniation

osteophytes formation

compression fx

systematic conditions - tumor, anklosing spondylitis

iatrogenic factors

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what is anklosing spondylitis

a type of arthritis that causes inflammation in the spine and other joints

Stiffness: rigid and inflexible spine

In severe cases, this may cause the vertebrae (bones in the spine) to fuse (grow together)

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spinal stenosis - risk factors

age - degentrative chnages of the spine that are part of the normal aging progress

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what does iatrogenic factors mean

unintended negative consequences of medical treatment or advice

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spinal stenosis - signs and symptoms

gradual onset

chronic pain at midline of lumbar region

unilateral nerve root involvement

parathesis

weakness

diminished reflexes

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spinal stenosis - signs are increased with what activities

lumbar extension - standing upright, prone

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spinal stenosis - sym are decreased with what activities

rest

lumbar flexion - leaning on grcery cart, sitting

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spinal stenosis - posture

stooped to functionall reuve lumbar lordosis and min sypmtoms

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spinal stenosis - imaging

MRI - most conclusive in diagnosing LSS due to its ability to differenciated soft tissue pathos

CT - look at the spinal cord , nerve roots and areas if conpression

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spinal stenosis - first medication provide

NSIAD because fo the reduction of inflammation

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spinal stenosis - surgery options

lumbar lamiectomy

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what are the ottawa knee rules

Age: The patient is 55 years or older

Tenderness: The patient has tenderness at the head of the fibula or isolated tenderness of the patella

Range of motion: The patient is unable to flex the knee to 90°

Weight bearing: The patient is unable to bear weight, meaning they can’t take four steps immediately after the injury and in the emergency department

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Talipes Equinovarus - is also known as

club foot

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Talipes Equinovarus - characteristics

heel downwards and the forefoot point inwards

walking on lateral aspect of the foot

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Talipes Equinovarus - cause

unknown

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Talipes Equinovarus - is seen in what neuromuscular abnormalities

spina bifida

arthogryposis

what is arthogryposis

a rare condition that causes joint deformities and limited movement

Talipes Equinovarus - signs and sym

add of forefoot

varus positioing of the hindfoot

equinas at the ankle

Talipes Equinovarus - treatment

starts after birth

splinting and serial casting

surgical intervention of conservative fails

tarsal tunnel syndrome - where is the tarsal tunnel located

medial aspect of the ankle

between the medial mall and the superior calcaneus

roof flexor ret

medial distal tibia

tarsal tunnel syndrome - what runs through the here

post tib flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum tibial nerve

tarsal tunnel syndrome - what is it 2/2

compression of the tibial nerve

tarsal tunnel syndrome - motor or sensory dysfunction

both

tarsal tunnel syndrome - what causes the tibial nerve to compressed

intrinsic: tumors, scar tissues extrinsic: crush injury, severe ankle sprains tnesion factors: pes planus, hinfoot valgus

tarsal tunnel syndrome - signs and sym

numbess and parathesis in the bottom of the foot antalgic gait with sym are exacerbated muscle atrhophy light touch and sensation may be dimished

tarsal tunnel syndrome - what is it often mistaken as

plantar fascia because fo location of the numbness

tarsal tunnel syndrome - what affected does rest have

alleviates the pain but does not completely relieve sym

tarsal tunnel syndrome - lab testing

EMG nerve conduction velocity MRI or US - used to assist in ID what compression is 2/2

what is an EMG

diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity in muscles and the nerves that control them

TMJ - what makes up this joint

TMJ - joint classification

hinge synovial condylar intra-articular disk

TMJ - what is dys 2/2

occurs due to a changes in the joint structure that can cause multiple sym and limitation in function muscle spasm and inflammation is the most common cuase fo dys

TMJ - a injury is most likey substain to what structure

intra-art disc compressed and toes

TMJ - what does disc injury lead to

allows for bony portions of the joint to deteriorate 2/2 grinding of bone on bone

TMJ - risk factors

chewing on one side eating tought food clenching teeth grinding of teeth gum chewing and nail biting

TMJ - population

20-40 women > men (gender hormones thought to be reason)

TMJ - signs and sym

pain - persitant or recurring muscle spasm abnormal or limited jaw motion headach tinnitus hearing clicking or popping with motion at the TMJ

TMJ - are signs and sym uni or bilateral

either

TMJ - imaging

MRI mandibular kinesiography CT scan dental examination

TMJ - surgery

used if conservative treatment fail condylectomy osteotomy arthrotomy arthoscopy reduction of sublexation

TMJ - avoid what behavior

all food and activities that aggravate symptoms

what is an occlusal splint

a custom-made mouth guard that fits over the upper or lower teeth. It's used to treat a variety of conditions, including teeth grinding, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and sleep apnea

TMJ - what condition is a risk of getting TMJ again

perivous history of TMJ dysfunction

myofiscial pain dysfunction - what is it

nonarticulae disorder that affect the area around the TMJ sym are produced 2ndary to muscle spasm