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Basecamp: MSK > Pathology 11 - MSK > Flashcards

Pathology 11 - MSK Flashcards

1
Q

spinal stenosis - what is it

A

the narrowing of the lumbar vert foremen or the intervertbral foremen

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2
Q

spinal stenosis - what are syms normally 2/2

A

compression on either the spinal cord or the nerve roots

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3
Q

spinal stenosis - primary

A

result of congenital malformatioj of the spinal structures

small precentages of cases

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4
Q

spinal stenosis - secondary

A

narrowing 2/2 acquired chnages in the foramina

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5
Q

spinal stenosis - structures normally involved

A

vert segment s

disk herniation

osteophytes formation

compression fx

systematic conditions - tumor, anklosing spondylitis

iatrogenic factors

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6
Q

what is anklosing spondylitis

A

a type of arthritis that causes inflammation in the spine and other joints

Stiffness: rigid and inflexible spine

In severe cases, this may cause the vertebrae (bones in the spine) to fuse (grow together)

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7
Q

spinal stenosis - risk factors

A

age - degentrative chnages of the spine that are part of the normal aging progress

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8
Q

what does iatrogenic factors mean

A

unintended negative consequences of medical treatment or advice

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9
Q

spinal stenosis - signs and symptoms

A

gradual onset

chronic pain at midline of lumbar region

unilateral nerve root involvement

parathesis

weakness

diminished reflexes

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10
Q

spinal stenosis - signs are increased with what activities

A

lumbar extension - standing upright, prone

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11
Q

spinal stenosis - sym are decreased with what activities

A

rest

lumbar flexion - leaning on grcery cart, sitting

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12
Q

spinal stenosis - posture

A

stooped to functionall reuve lumbar lordosis and min sypmtoms

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13
Q

spinal stenosis - imaging

A

MRI - most conclusive in diagnosing LSS due to its ability to differenciated soft tissue pathos

CT - look at the spinal cord , nerve roots and areas if conpression

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14
Q

spinal stenosis - first medication provide

A

NSIAD because fo the reduction of inflammation

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15
Q

spinal stenosis - surgery options

A

lumbar lamiectomy

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16
Q

what are the ottawa knee rules

A

Age: The patient is 55 years or older

Tenderness: The patient has tenderness at the head of the fibula or isolated tenderness of the patella

Range of motion: The patient is unable to flex the knee to 90°

Weight bearing: The patient is unable to bear weight, meaning they can’t take four steps immediately after the injury and in the emergency department

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17
Q

Talipes Equinovarus - is also known as

A

club foot

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18
Q

Talipes Equinovarus - characteristics

A

heel downwards and the forefoot point inwards

walking on lateral aspect of the foot

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19
Q

Talipes Equinovarus - cause

A

unknown

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20
Q

Talipes Equinovarus - is seen in what neuromuscular abnormalities

A

spina bifida

arthogryposis

21
Q

what is arthogryposis

A

a rare condition that causes joint deformities and limited movement

22
Q

Talipes Equinovarus - signs and sym

A

add of forefoot

varus positioing of the hindfoot

equinas at the ankle

23
Q

Talipes Equinovarus - treatment

A

starts after birth

splinting and serial casting

surgical intervention of conservative fails

24
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome - where is the tarsal tunnel located

A

medial aspect of the ankle

between the medial mall and the superior calcaneus

roof flexor ret

medial distal tibia

25
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome - what runs through the here

A

post tib

flexor hallucis longus

flexor digitorum

tibial nerve

26
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome - what is it 2/2

A

compression of the tibial nerve

27
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome - motor or sensory dysfunction

A

both

28
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome - what causes the tibial nerve to compressed

A

intrinsic: tumors, scar tissues

extrinsic: crush injury, severe ankle sprains

tnesion factors: pes planus, hinfoot valgus

29
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome - signs and sym

A

numbess and parathesis in the bottom of the foot

antalgic gait with sym are exacerbated

muscle atrhophy

light touch and sensation may be dimished

30
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome - what is it often mistaken as

A

plantar fascia because fo location of the numbness

31
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome - what affected does rest have

A

alleviates the pain but does not completely relieve sym

32
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome - lab testing

A

EMG

nerve conduction velocity

MRI or US - used to assist in ID what compression is 2/2

33
Q

what is an EMG

A

diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity in muscles and the nerves that control them

34
Q

TMJ - what makes up this joint

A
35
Q

TMJ - joint classification

A

hinge

synovial

condylar

intra-articular disk

36
Q

TMJ - what is dys 2/2

A

occurs due to a changes in the joint structure that can cause multiple sym and limitation in function

muscle spasm and inflammation is the most common cuase fo dys

37
Q

TMJ - a injury is most likey substain to what structure

A

intra-art disc

compressed and toes

38
Q

TMJ - what does disc injury lead to

A

allows for bony portions of the joint to deteriorate 2/2 grinding of bone on bone

39
Q

TMJ - risk factors

A

chewing on one side

eating tought food

clenching teeth

grinding of teeth

gum chewing and nail biting

40
Q

TMJ - population

A

20-40

women > men (gender hormones thought to be reason)

41
Q

TMJ - signs and sym

A

pain - persitant or recurring

muscle spasm

abnormal or limited jaw motion

headach

tinnitus

hearing clicking or popping with motion at the TMJ

42
Q

TMJ - are signs and sym uni or bilateral

A

either

43
Q

TMJ - imaging

A

MRI

mandibular kinesiography

CT scan

dental examination

44
Q

TMJ - surgery

A

used if conservative treatment fail

condylectomy

osteotomy

arthrotomy

arthoscopy

reduction of sublexation

45
Q

TMJ - avoid what behavior

A

all food and activities that aggravate symptoms

46
Q

what is an occlusal splint

A

a custom-made mouth guard that fits over the upper or lower teeth.

It’s used to treat a variety of conditions, including teeth grinding, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and sleep apnea

47
Q

TMJ - what condition is a risk of getting TMJ again

A

perivous history of TMJ dysfunction

48
Q

myofiscial pain dysfunction - what is it

A

nonarticulae disorder that affect the area around the TMJ

sym are produced 2ndary to muscle spasm

49
Q
A

Basecamp: MSK (30 decks)

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