Pathology 11 - MSK Flashcards

1
Q

spinal stenosis - what is it

A

the narrowing of the lumbar vert foremen or the intervertbral foremen

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2
Q

spinal stenosis - what are syms normally 2/2

A

compression on either the spinal cord or the nerve roots

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3
Q

spinal stenosis - primary

A

result of congenital malformatioj of the spinal structures

small precentages of cases

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4
Q

spinal stenosis - secondary

A

narrowing 2/2 acquired chnages in the foramina

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5
Q

spinal stenosis - structures normally involved

A

vert segment s

disk herniation

osteophytes formation

compression fx

systematic conditions - tumor, anklosing spondylitis

iatrogenic factors

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6
Q

what is anklosing spondylitis

A

a type of arthritis that causes inflammation in the spine and other joints

Stiffness: rigid and inflexible spine

In severe cases, this may cause the vertebrae (bones in the spine) to fuse (grow together)

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7
Q

spinal stenosis - risk factors

A

age - degentrative chnages of the spine that are part of the normal aging progress

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8
Q

what does iatrogenic factors mean

A

unintended negative consequences of medical treatment or advice

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9
Q

spinal stenosis - signs and symptoms

A

gradual onset

chronic pain at midline of lumbar region

unilateral nerve root involvement

parathesis

weakness

diminished reflexes

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10
Q

spinal stenosis - signs are increased with what activities

A

lumbar extension - standing upright, prone

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11
Q

spinal stenosis - sym are decreased with what activities

A

rest

lumbar flexion - leaning on grcery cart, sitting

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12
Q

spinal stenosis - posture

A

stooped to functionall reuve lumbar lordosis and min sypmtoms

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13
Q

spinal stenosis - imaging

A

MRI - most conclusive in diagnosing LSS due to its ability to differenciated soft tissue pathos

CT - look at the spinal cord , nerve roots and areas if conpression

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14
Q

spinal stenosis - first medication provide

A

NSIAD because fo the reduction of inflammation

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15
Q

spinal stenosis - surgery options

A

lumbar lamiectomy

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16
Q

what are the ottawa knee rules

A

Age: The patient is 55 years or older

Tenderness: The patient has tenderness at the head of the fibula or isolated tenderness of the patella

Range of motion: The patient is unable to flex the knee to 90°

Weight bearing: The patient is unable to bear weight, meaning they can’t take four steps immediately after the injury and in the emergency department

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17
Q

Talipes Equinovarus - is also known as

A

club foot

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18
Q

Talipes Equinovarus - characteristics

A

heel downwards and the forefoot point inwards

walking on lateral aspect of the foot

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19
Q

Talipes Equinovarus - cause

A

unknown

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20
Q

Talipes Equinovarus - is seen in what neuromuscular abnormalities

A

spina bifida

arthogryposis

21
Q

what is arthogryposis

A

a rare condition that causes joint deformities and limited movement

22
Q

Talipes Equinovarus - signs and sym

A

add of forefoot

varus positioing of the hindfoot

equinas at the ankle

23
Q

Talipes Equinovarus - treatment

A

starts after birth

splinting and serial casting

surgical intervention of conservative fails

24
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome - where is the tarsal tunnel located

A

medial aspect of the ankle

between the medial mall and the superior calcaneus

roof flexor ret

medial distal tibia

25
tarsal tunnel syndrome - what runs through the here
post tib flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum tibial nerve
26
tarsal tunnel syndrome - what is it 2/2
compression of the tibial nerve
27
tarsal tunnel syndrome - motor or sensory dysfunction
both
28
tarsal tunnel syndrome - what causes the tibial nerve to compressed
intrinsic: tumors, scar tissues extrinsic: crush injury, severe ankle sprains tnesion factors: pes planus, hinfoot valgus
29
tarsal tunnel syndrome - signs and sym
numbess and parathesis in the bottom of the foot antalgic gait with sym are exacerbated muscle atrhophy light touch and sensation may be dimished
30
tarsal tunnel syndrome - what is it often mistaken as
plantar fascia because fo location of the numbness
31
tarsal tunnel syndrome - what affected does rest have
alleviates the pain but does not completely relieve sym
32
tarsal tunnel syndrome - lab testing
EMG nerve conduction velocity MRI or US - used to assist in ID what compression is 2/2
33
what is an EMG
diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity in muscles and the nerves that control them
34
TMJ - what makes up this joint
35
TMJ - joint classification
hinge synovial condylar intra-articular disk
36
TMJ - what is dys 2/2
occurs due to a changes in the joint structure that can cause multiple sym and limitation in function muscle spasm and inflammation is the most common cuase fo dys
37
TMJ - a injury is most likey substain to what structure
intra-art disc compressed and toes
38
TMJ - what does disc injury lead to
allows for bony portions of the joint to deteriorate 2/2 grinding of bone on bone
39
TMJ - risk factors
chewing on one side eating tought food clenching teeth grinding of teeth gum chewing and nail biting
40
TMJ - population
20-40 women > men (gender hormones thought to be reason)
41
TMJ - signs and sym
pain - persitant or recurring muscle spasm abnormal or limited jaw motion headach tinnitus hearing clicking or popping with motion at the TMJ
42
TMJ - are signs and sym uni or bilateral
either
43
TMJ - imaging
MRI mandibular kinesiography CT scan dental examination
44
TMJ - surgery
used if conservative treatment fail condylectomy osteotomy arthrotomy arthoscopy reduction of sublexation
45
TMJ - avoid what behavior
all food and activities that aggravate symptoms
46
what is an occlusal splint
a custom-made mouth guard that fits over the upper or lower teeth. It's used to treat a variety of conditions, including teeth grinding, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and sleep apnea
47
TMJ - what condition is a risk of getting TMJ again
perivous history of TMJ dysfunction
48
myofiscial pain dysfunction - what is it
nonarticulae disorder that affect the area around the TMJ sym are produced 2ndary to muscle spasm
49