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Basecamp: MSK > Pathology 7 - MSK > Flashcards

Pathology 7 - MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Patellofemoral Syndrome - what is it

A

pain or discomfort in the anterior knee

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2
Q

Patellofemoral Syndrome - other term

A

chondromalacia patella

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3
Q

Patellofemoral Syndrome - is due to what

A

rep overuse disorder resulting from the increased force at the patellafemoral joint

abnormal tracking of the patella between the femoral condyles - leads to misdirected forces between the patella and the femur

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4
Q

Patellofemoral Syndrome - factors assiociated with increase patellofemoral force include

A

decreased quad strength - vastus medialis

decreased LE flexibility - quads, hamsrings, gastroc, iliopsoas

patellar instability

increased tibial torsion or femoral anterversion

excessive pronation

knee valgus

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5
Q

femoral anteversion and tibial torsion

A

internal tibial torsion - IR

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6
Q

Patellofemoral Syndrome - risk factors

A

increase sport participation

females

growth spurt

overweight

runner who have recently increased their milage

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7
Q

Patellofemoral Syndrome - electromyography based feedback

A

should be avoids to augment Vastus medialis actvity

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8
Q

what is electromyography based feedback

A

EMG

based feedback is a technique that uses electrodes to record and display muscle activity in real time

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9
Q

Patellofemoral Syndrome - visual feed back

A

should be avoid when trying to correct leg alignment

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10
Q

Patellofemoral Syndrome - biophysical agents

A

US, cyrotherapy, phonophoresus, iontophorese, ESTIM

should be avoided

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11
Q

Patellofemoral Syndrome - what is normally happening to the patella during knee extenion

A

the patella is being pulled too laterally

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12
Q

Patellofemoral Syndrome - older population

A

normally associated with OA

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13
Q

Patellofemoral Syndrome - signs and sym

A

gradual onset of anterior knee pain - increase in activity

retropetellar pain

worse with activity that increae patella femoral force - flexion - and static positioning

point tenderness of the lateral border of the patella

crepitus

visable quad atrophy - vastus med

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14
Q

what is retro-patellar

A

behind the patella

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15
Q

does medial or lateral glide normally help pt with PFPS

A

medial glide

the lateral structure are normally tight

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16
Q

PFPS is seen most with what kind of sports

A

jumping sports

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17
Q

Piriformis Syndrome - physiological causes

A

compressive irration to the proximal sciatic nerve 2/2 the prirformis muscle inflammation, spasm, or contracture

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18
Q

Piriformis Syndrome - is a common etiology of what

A

low back pain

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19
Q

what is etiology

A

the cause of a disease

20
Q

what is the function of the piriformis

A

abd and ER the hip

21
Q

Piriformis Syndrome - external causes

A

trauma

abnormal gait mechanics

lumbar lordosis

periods of long sitting

Physical activity participation

22
Q

Piriformis Syndrome - clinical presentation

A

local of pain in imprecise - midbutt area and progress to radicular complaints in the sciatic nerve distribution

23
Q

Piriformis Syndrome - sym are normally exberated with what position

A

prolonged sitting

activities that combine add and medial and IR or the hip

24
Q

Piriformis Syndrome - pain reproduction

A

palpation

resistance testing during lateral rotation and abd

radicular sym increased with SLR and decreased with traction of the LE

25
Q

Piriformis Syndrome - imgaing

A

considered a clinical diagnosis of exclusion therefore no specific imaging is used

26
Q

Piriformis Syndrome - and pregnacy

A

durin preg the piriformis may shorten or spasm due to postural changes and hip ER during walking

27
Q

Plantar Fasciitis - what is it

A

refers to the inflammation of the PF at the proximal insertion on the medial tubercle of the calcaneus

excessive tension over time creates chronic inflammation and mircotears at proximal insertion

28
Q

Plantar Fasciitis - where does the fascia run

A

calcaneus to the met heads

29
Q

Plantar Fasciitis - age group

A

40 - 60 years of age

30
Q

Plantar Fasciitis - signs and sym

A

tenderness at the insertion of the PF

presence of a heel spur

pain that is worse in the morning or after periods of prolonged inactivity

pain with prolonged standing

pain when walking bare foot

31
Q

Plantar Fasciitis - tapping should or shuold not

A

should

32
Q

Plantar Fasciitis - shoulds

A

tapping

stretching of the PF

night splint

mobs

foot orothisis - to support the medial long arch

33
Q

Plantar Fasciitis - chronic or acute

A

chronic overuse condition

34
Q

Plantar Fasciitis - pronation or supination

A

pronation during the loading phase of gait

35
Q

what muscle orginate on the medial tubercle of the calcaneus

A

add hallucis

flexor digitorum brevis

quadratus plantae

thee can become inflamed and irritated with plantar fascitis

36
Q

Plantar Fasciitis - risk factors

A

pronation during gait

tightness of the foot and calf muscles

obesity

high arch

endurance sports

prolonged walking or standing job

37
Q

what is apophysitis

A

a condition that causes inflammation in a growth plate where a muscle attaches

38
Q

Plantar Fasciitis - why do pt have pain in the morning

A

this is when the tendon is stiff, contracted, and cold

39
Q

Plantar Fasciitis - pain presentation

A

subside for a few hours during the day but increases with prolonged activity or when the pt has been non-weightbearing and resumes the WB posture

40
Q

Plantar Fasciitis - bilateral or unilateral

A

unilateral

41
Q

Plantar Fasciitis - when do we get a MRI

A

after 6-8 weeks of pt without improvement

this is used to confirm diagnosis

42
Q

what is the special test for plantar fascia

A

windlass mechanism

43
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome - what is this

A

the area of the:
- post tib
- flexor hallicus
- flexor digitorm
- Post tibial nerve
- tibial art

between the medial mall and the calcaneus

44
Q

what does the tibial nerve split into

A

the medial and alteral pantar nerces

45
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome - presentation compared to PF

A

pain with WB but not with palpation to the PF

46
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome - signs and sym

A

numbness
burning
tingling
parathesia at the heel

47
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome - what is the cause

A

entrapment and compression of the post tib

Basecamp: MSK (23 decks)

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