Amputations and Prosthetics 3 Flashcards
lateral bending - pro cause
pro is too short lateral wall
improperly shaped lateral wall
high medial wall
pro algine in abd
lateral bending - amp cause
poor balance
abd contracture
short residual limb
weak hip abd
hypersensitive limb
abd gait - pro cause
prothesis is to long
high medial wall
pro positioned in abd
inadquate suspension + excessive knee friction
abd gait - amp cause
abd contrcuture
adductor roll
weake hip flexors and add
pain over the lateral residual limb
circumducted gait - pro cause
pro is too long
excessive PF
excessive knee friction
socket is too small
circumducted gait - amp cause
abd contructure
weake hip flexors
lacks confidence to flex the knee
painful anterior distal residual limb
inability to inciate prothestic knee flexion
excessive knee flexion during stance - pro cause
pro set forward in relation to the foot
excessive DF
stiff heel
pro too long
excessive knee flexion during stance - amp cause
knee flexion contracture
hip flexion contracture
pain ant in the resisdual limb
decrease in quad strength
poor balance
what sis vaulting
Non-prosthetic leg rises up on its toes during single-limb weight bearing.
This plantar flexion of the ankle helps to create ground clearance for the prosthetic leg
vaulting - pro cause
pro is too long
inadequate scocket suspension
excessive alginment stability
excessive PF
vaulting - amp cause
resdiual limb discomfort
improroer training
fear of stubbing toe
short resisdual limb
pain hip/residual limb
rotation of the forefoot at heel strike - pro cause
excessive toe out built in
loose fitting socket
inaquate suspension
what does sach stand for
solid ankle cushion heel
rotation of the forefoot at heel strike - amp cause
poor muscle control
bad training
weak medial rotators
shortvresiduaL LIMB
forward trunk flexion - pro cause
socket too big
poor suspension
knee instability
forward trunk flexion - amp cause
high flexion contracture
weak hip extensors
pain with ischial WB
inability to initiate pro knee flexion
medial or lateral heel whip - pro cause
excessive rot of the knee
tight socket fit
valgus in the pro knee
inproper alignment of the toe break
medial or lateral heel whip - amp cause
improper traiing
weak hip orotators
knee instability
what is an extension assist
a mechanism that assists the knee joint into extension during the swing phase of gait
what is myodesis
anchoring of the muscle tissue or tendons to the bone using suture and small holes through the bones
this is part of the amp closure process
myoelectric prothesis
a device using electric myography to control signals to control movements of the prothesis with surface electrodes or implantable wires
what is myoplasty
suturing the amp muscle flaps together over the flaps over the end of bone following an amp
what is pistoning
the translation of the prothetic limb from the residual limb
what is pistoning 2/2
inadquate suspension
and can result in distal residual limb issues
what is a polycentric knee
a knee joint that has multiple axes of rotation
this allows for a more nautral gait cycle in comparison to a single axis knee
what is a pylon
pipe like structure used to connect the socket of the prothesis to foot/ankle
the shank
what does the pylon help with
shock absorption and weight distribution
what is the residual limb
the limb left after amp
what is a rotionalplasty
a portion of the limb is removed
while the remaining limb below is rotated and reattached
think of the foot/ankle as a knee joint
what is a rotionalplasty normally performed for
distal femoral osteosarcoma
what is osteosarcoma
a type of bone cancer
often starts in the long bones
what is a shrinker
an elastic sleeve that is placed over the end of a residual limb to control edema and promote limb shapping
what is stance control (safety)
a weight activated mechanism
maintain knee ext during stance even if the knee is not fully extended
when the knee is flexed more then the mechanism is made for the knee the mech will not engage
what is suspension
used to decribe how the socket is attached to the resisdual limb
what are common types of suspension
vacuum
shuttle shock
suction
waist belt
harness
where should be the area of primary weight bearing ain a transtibial prothesis
patellar tendon
is it possible to bear weight through the end of a transfemoral disarticulation
no - knee disarticualtion
what is the most common level of UE amp
transradial
what is a uncommon amp due to disadvantages
wrist disarticulation
what is the most common cause of transhumeral injury
trauma
what is lisfranc
disarticulation of the metatarsal or tarsal
what is the least likely cause of LE amp
congential limb issue
5%
what are the most common causes of LE amp
diabetes
Peri vascular disease
severe infection
what are the most common cause of UE amp
trauma
Approximately 85% of all upper limb amputations result from trauma
what is a ray resection
defined as the removal of a toe and all or part of the corresponding metatarsa
what type of ray resection is the hardest to deal with
1st ray
with hip disarticulation what mobility devices would the patient use
patient is most likely to forgo a prosthesis and opt for crutches for mobility following a hip disarticulation.
Many individuals find ambulation with a prosthesis at this level extremely challenging due to the high energy requirements of controlling three prosthetic joints.
what is a long transtibial amputation
distal third of the lower extremity below the knee joint
short transtibial amputation amp
refers to the surgical removal of the limb at the proximal third of the tibia.
excessive knee flexion during stance phase
If the prosthetic foot is aligned into excessive dorsiflexion, there is potential for knee instability (buckling) during the loading response.
what is the most important factor in determine whether someone is a candidate for a pro
prior level of function
what is a unna boot
a compression bandage
An Unna boot has a special medicine in the gauze that will help heal burns or skin sores and protect new skin.
what is the primary purpose of using a rigid dressing
They are primarily used for residual limb protection and edema contro
a plyon can also be attached for early amb
what must be removed to wear an Elastic shrinkers
Due to the possible stress on the incision site, elastic shrinkers are not recommended until the sutures have been removed from the amputation site.
what are elelastic shrinker used for
edema control and residual limb shaping
wrapping the residual limb of a patient who has had a transtibial amputation what size of bandage should be used
2 4 inch bands
they should be wrapped in a figure 8 for limb shaping
What is the primary area of the residual limb that is used for weight bearing in a transtibial knee prosthesis?
patella tendon
A patellar tendon bearing socket is the most common type of socket used by a patient with a transtibial amputation
less tolerant - transtibial
distal end of the tibia, tibial tuberosity, and fibular head.
