Pathology 6 - MSK Flashcards
Osgood-schlatter disease - other names
traction apophysitis
Osgood-schlatter disease - causes
repetitive tension to the patellar tendon over the tibial tuberosity in young athletes
this can result in a small avulsion of the tuberosity and swelling
Osgood-schlatter disease - signs and sym
point tenderness over the patella tendon at the insertion on the tibial tubercles
antalgic gait
pain with increasing activity
Osgood-schlatter disease - treatment conservative
education
icing
flexibility exercises
elimiting activities that place strain on the patella tendon such as squatting, running or jumping
Osgood-schlatter disease - age of onset
period of growth or puberty
Osgood-schlatter disease - reproduction of symptoms
resisted knee ext
Osgood-schlatter disease - imaging
xray - used to confirm diagnosis and rule out other patho
Osgood-schlatter disease - infrapatella strap
used to distribute forces
Osgood-schlatter disease - surgical intervention
rare- used in patients that do respond well to conservative treatment
conservative treatment is successful in the majority of cases
Osgood-schlatter disease - how long do sym last for
weeks or months before decreasing
sym can last for a number of years before the tibial growth plates close
OA - chronic or acute disease
chronic
OA - patho
causes degeneration of the art cart
subsequent thickening of the subchondral bone
OA - effect primary what joints
weight bearing
OA - more in men or women
men up to 55
women past 55
OA - risk factors
overweight
fractures (or other joint injuries)
occupation or athletic overuse
OA - sign and sym
gradual onset of pain
increase pain after activity
increased pain with weather chnages
enlarge joints
crepitus
stiffness
limited ROM
heberden’s nodes and bouchard’s nodes
what are heberden’s nodes
bony bumps that develop on the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints of the fingers
what are bouchard’s nodes
bony bumps that develop on the middle joint of a finger
OA - blood test
blood test are not helpful in diagnosing OA
OA - radiographs
show the diminished joint space
OA - goal of treatment
decrease pain and improve functio, and protect the joint
what is viscosupplementation
a treatment that involves injecting hyaluronic acid into a joint to reduce pain and improve joint function
sometime used to treat oA
should we use TENs or other forms of electric stimulation of rOA
nope
should we used bracing for OA
nope
what is primary OA vs secondary OA
primary - related to aging progress, old
secondary - degenerative disease of the synovial joints that result form some predisposing condition (trauma) that has adversly altered the art cart, young
warmth of the joint and effusion and OA
warmth over the joints is not normally present but effusion
what is the shoulder capsular pattern
ER> abd/flex > IR
what is the hip capsular pattern
IR> abd > flex
heberden’s nodes and bouchard’s nodes more in women or men
women
psoriatic arthy - what is it
Rhematic condition
inflammation arthy that is often seen with psoriatic lesions
psoriatic arthy - presentation
skin lesions -silver grey scaly spots on the scalp, elbs, knee and the spine
pitting of the finger nails and toe nails
pain and swelling in one or more joint
psoriatic arthy - what population
20-50 in men and women
Osteochondritis Dissecans - what is it
condition where subchondral bone and its associated cart crack and separate from the associated bone
Osteochondritis Dissecans - cause
unkown
thought to be secondary to loss of blood flow to the affected area possible 2/2 rep microtrauma - causes the bone to die and seperate
Osteochondritis Dissecans - primaryly effects what areas
knee
elb and ankle
Osteochondritis Dissecans - symptoms
depends where the separation is
with functional activities:
- locking or popping
- weakness
- swelling
- decreased ROM
Osteochondritis Dissecans - imaging
xray, CT, MRI - can be used to confirm
Osteochondritis Dissecans - special test
wilson’s test
Osteomyelitis - what is it
an infection that occurs within the bone
Osteomyelitis - what is it normally secondary to
staphylococcus within the bone
what is staphylococcus
The bacteria that cause staph infections live harmlessly on many people’s skin, often in the nose and armpits and on the buttocks. They usually only cause an infection if they get into the skin – for example, through a bite or cut.
Osteomyelitis - what events can lead to this
any event where the bone is damaged exposing it to microbes
- surgical
- compound fractures
- puncture wounds
Osteomyelitis - signs and syms
like other infections
- systematic: fever and chills
- localized: pain, edema, and erythema
- secondary to a wound: change in the wound characteristics
Osteomyelitis - imaging
bone biopsy - most conculsive
xray, MRI, US, PET > may provide extra infromation
what is a PET scan
positron emission tomography (PET) scan
shows how well organs and tissues are working
used to diagnose and monitor conditions like cancer, heart disease, and brain disorders
Osteomyelitis - lab signs
increase in WBC
