Pathology 8 - MSK Flashcards
PCL - where does the lig run
runs from the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial femoral condyle
PCL - what movement does it prevent
postier tib on femur movement
PCL - causes of injury
landing on the PCL on a fixed knee
hitting a dash board in a MVA with a flexed knee
PCL - are isloated PCL common
no
often seen with ACL, MCL, LCL, and men injuries
PCL - signs and sym
audible pop
the femur sliding off the tibia
swelling and mild pain
pain and instability with walking
pt is often asymptomatic
PCL - special tests
posterior drawer
posterior sag sign
quadriceps active drawer test
PCL - treatment
rice
strengthening and functional progressing
PCL - normal post op procedure (hamstrings)
isloated hamstring exercises are often avoided for a min of 6 weeks
what is more injured more ACL or PCL
ACL
PCL - stronger of the two ligaments
PCL - imaging
MRI - used to eval the extent and local of the sprain
what is an arthrometer
medical device that measures joint motion and laxity
PCL - what is the treatment normall used (conservative or non-conservative)
-conservative
icing, resting, bracing, NSAIDs, and PT
why are hamstring exercises avoid with PCL injuries
open chain hamstring exercises
aviod 2/2 posterior shear force they place on the knee
PCL - functional bracing
may be needed if the patient want to return to sports related activities
PCL - men injuries with aging
those who have had a PCL injiry are more likely to have a men injury in the years following their injury
RA - what kind of disorder
systemic autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology
RA - etiology
presents with a chronic inflammatory reaction in the synovial tissues of a joint
results in the erosion of cart and supporting structures within the capsule
RA - common joints
small joint of the hand, foot, wrist, and ankle
RA - on and off
the disease has periods of exacerbation and remission
RA - diagnosis
based on clinical presentation of the involved joint
the presence of blood rheumatoid factor
radiographic changes
RA - what is the cause
unknown
RA - POP
women more the men (x3)
40-60
RA - signs and symptoms
sym involvement - gradual or immediate
pain and tenderness of affected joint
morning stiffness
warm joints
decrease in appetite
malaise and fatigue
RA - what deformity are often seen
swan neck deformity
boutonnière deformity
what is malaise
A general sense of being unwell
what is a swan neck deformity
DIP flexion
PIP extension
what is boutonnière deformity
DIP extension
PIP flexion
RA - what is the goal of treatment
reduced joint inflammation and pain
promote joint function
prevent joint destruction and deformity
RA - pharm
NSAID - reduce inflammation
corticosteroid - for flare up or when NSAIDs are not working
diseae modifying antiheumatics
what is the function of corticosteroids
reduce inflammation and treat a variety of conditions
disease modifying antiheumatics - who long to they take to act
slow acting
can take weeks to months to become effective
what are disease modifying antiheumatics
slow the progression of joint destruction and deformity
RA - PT interventions
passice and active ROM
heating and cooling agents
splinting
pt edu
energy conservation
body mechanics
joint protection techniques
is RA limited to small joints
no it normally starts in smaller joints but all connective tissue can be involved
what are the extra-articular finding of RA
pericarditis
anemia
tearing of tendons and muscles
osteoporosis
what is an example of disease modifying antiheumatic
methotrexate - decreases inflammation in the body
treatment during acute stage or exacerbation of RA
resistive exercises
deep heating modalities
active stretching
these will exacerbate syms of RA
what is an example of a deep heating modality
ultra sound
RA - should aggressive stretching be performed
nope
can do regular stretching to maintain ROM
RA - what level of exercise
low level
with adequate time for rest
does RA have a known cure
nope
OA vs RA
OA - unilateral, no palpable warmth, overuse of joint, progressive
RA - bilateral, warmth, immune system attacks the joint, sym flare and ease