Pathology 8 - MSK

Question 1

PCL - where does the lig run

Answer 1

runs from the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial femoral condyle

Question 2

PCL - what movement does it prevent

Answer 2

postier tib on femur movement

Question 3

PCL - causes of injury

Answer 3

landing on the PCL on a fixed knee

hitting a dash board in a MVA with a flexed knee

Question 4

PCL - are isloated PCL common

Answer 4

no

often seen with ACL, MCL, LCL, and men injuries

Question 5

PCL - signs and sym

Answer 5

audible pop

the femur sliding off the tibia

swelling and mild pain

pain and instability with walking

pt is often asymptomatic

Question 6

PCL - special tests

Answer 6

posterior drawer

posterior sag sign

quadriceps active drawer test

Question 7

PCL - treatment

Answer 7

rice

strengthening and functional progressing

Question 8

PCL - normal post op procedure (hamstrings)

Answer 8

isloated hamstring exercises are often avoided for a min of 6 weeks

Question 9

what is more injured more ACL or PCL

Answer 9

ACL

PCL - stronger of the two ligaments

Question 10

PCL - imaging

Answer 10

MRI - used to eval the extent and local of the sprain

Question 11

what is an arthrometer

Answer 11

medical device that measures joint motion and laxity

Question 12

PCL - what is the treatment normall used (conservative or non-conservative)

Answer 12

-conservative

icing, resting, bracing, NSAIDs, and PT

Question 13

why are hamstring exercises avoid with PCL injuries

Answer 13

open chain hamstring exercises

aviod 2/2 posterior shear force they place on the knee

Question 14

PCL - functional bracing

Answer 14

may be needed if the patient want to return to sports related activities

Question 15

PCL - men injuries with aging

Answer 15

those who have had a PCL injiry are more likely to have a men injury in the years following their injury

Question 16

RA - what kind of disorder

Answer 16

systemic autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology

Question 17

RA - etiology

Answer 17

presents with a chronic inflammatory reaction in the synovial tissues of a joint

results in the erosion of cart and supporting structures within the capsule

Question 18

RA - common joints

Answer 18

small joint of the hand, foot, wrist, and ankle

Question 19

RA - on and off

Answer 19

the disease has periods of exacerbation and remission

Question 20

RA - diagnosis

Answer 20

based on clinical presentation of the involved joint

the presence of blood rheumatoid factor

radiographic changes

Question 21

RA - what is the cause

Answer 21

unknown

Question 22

RA - POP

Answer 22

women more the men (x3)

40-60

Question 23

RA - signs and symptoms

Answer 23

sym involvement - gradual or immediate

pain and tenderness of affected joint

morning stiffness

warm joints

decrease in appetite

malaise and fatigue

Question 24

RA - what deformity are often seen

Answer 24

swan neck deformity

boutonnière deformity

Question 25

what is malaise

Answer 25

A general sense of being unwell

Question 26

what is a swan neck deformity

Answer 26

DIP flexion PIP extension

Question 27

what is boutonnière deformity

Answer 27

DIP extension PIP flexion

Question 28

RA - what is the goal of treatment

Answer 28

reduced joint inflammation and pain promote joint function prevent joint destruction and deformity

Question 29

RA - pharm

Answer 29

NSAID - reduce inflammation corticosteroid - for flare up or when NSAIDs are not working diseae modifying antiheumatics

Question 30

what is the function of corticosteroids

Answer 30

reduce inflammation and treat a variety of conditions

Question 31

disease modifying antiheumatics - who long to they take to act

Answer 31

slow acting can take weeks to months to become effective

Question 32

what are disease modifying antiheumatics

Answer 32

slow the progression of joint destruction and deformity

Question 33

RA - PT interventions

Answer 33

passice and active ROM heating and cooling agents splinting pt edu energy conservation body mechanics joint protection techniques

Question 34

is RA limited to small joints

Answer 34

no it normally starts in smaller joints but all connective tissue can be involved

Question 35

what are the extra-articular finding of RA

Answer 35

pericarditis anemia tearing of tendons and muscles osteoporosis

Question 36

what is an example of disease modifying antiheumatic

Answer 36

methotrexate - decreases inflammation in the body

Question 37

treatment during acute stage or exacerbation of RA

Answer 37

resistive exercises deep heating modalities active stretching these will exacerbate syms of RA

Question 38

what is an example of a deep heating modality

Answer 38

ultra sound

Question 39

RA - should aggressive stretching be performed

Answer 39

nope can do regular stretching to maintain ROM

Question 40

RA - what level of exercise

Answer 40

low level with adequate time for rest

Question 41

does RA have a known cure

Answer 41

nope

Question 42

OA vs RA

Answer 42

OA - unilateral, no palpable warmth, overuse of joint, progressive RA - bilateral, warmth, immune system attacks the joint, sym flare and ease