Pathology 2 - MSK Flashcards by VB VB

where does the ACL run from

anterior lateral intercondylar of the tibia
to lateral femoral condyle

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what does the ACL prevent

anterior tibia movement on a femur

postioer femoral motion on a fixed tibia

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why can the ligamant not heal by itself

poor vascularity

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when do ACL injuries most often occur

hyperflexion

rapid decc

hyper extnesion

landing on a unbalanced limb

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what is a grade III ACL sprain refer to

complete tear

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what is q angle

the angle between the quadriceps muscles and the patellar tendon

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what is the preferred diagnosis tool for ACL tear

MRI

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mri vs ct scan

MRI:
- create images of the body’s internal structures.
- MRIs are better for soft tissue, such as the brain and spinal cord, and can spot sports injuries and musculoskeletal conditions.

CT scan:
- X-rays to create detailed, three-dimensional images of the body.
- CT scans are better for examining bones and are ideal for emergency situations

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what is the best test to determine ACL injury

lachmans

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what is the terrible triad

ACL

medial men

MCL

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what is the most common cause of PCL injury

dash board

posertrior force to the anterior knee

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what is anterior compartment syndrome

when the pressure In the anterior compartment of the lower leg increases secondary to swelling

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what happens to structures within the anterior compartment

blood vessel get blocked - ischemia and necrosis of nerves and musculature

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what do we do when we suspect anterior compartment syndrome

medical emergency

can lead to irreversible muscle damage

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what muscle make up the anterior comparment

peronus tert

ant tib

ext digitorium longus

ext hallicus longus

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what is the presentation of anterior compartment syndrome

swelling of the ant tib muscle that is not relieved with medication of elevation

pain increases with passive stretching or active movement of the muscles

numbness in the distrubtion of the deep personus

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cutaneous innervation of the deep peroneal nerve

toe space between one and two

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bicipital tendonitis - physiological

inflammation of the tendon of the long head of the biceps

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bicipital tendonitis - cause

repeated abd and ER

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bicipital tendonitis - what type sports are associated with this injury

overhead arm

swiming, raquet sports, throw

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bicipital tendonitis - clinical presentation

deep ache in the front and top shoulder

made worse with overhead activities and lifting heavy objects

resting makes the shoulder feel better

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bicipital tendonitis - clincinal testing presentation

yergasons, speeds positive, biceps 1 and 2

pain to plapation of the long head of the iceps

bicipital tendonitis - lab test

ther are none

MRI can be used to look at the tendon but it is expensive and not normally used unless the patient is not responding to conservative treatment

bicipital tendonitis - what condition are associated with this

instability of the shoulder due to degeneration o f the biceps tendon

bicipital tendonitis - during acute phase what kind of motions should the aptient avoid

overhead activties

what lesion is the most likely to result in anterior shoulder instanility

bankhart lesion

what is colle's fracture

transverse distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of the radius

what is the common MOI for a colle's fracture

FOOSH

colle's fracture - clinical presentation

pain and inflammation near fx site dinner fork or bayonet deformity

what imaging do we use to confirm a colle's fracture

x-ray

what is congenital hip dysplasia also known as

developmental hip dysplasia

what is congenital hip dysplasia

malignment of the femoral head in the ace

when does congenital hip dysplasia develop

the last trimester in utero

what can causes congenital hip dysplasia

cultural disposition positioning in utero environment and genetic influences

congenital hip dysplasia - clinical signs

asymmetrical hip abd with tightness apparent femoral shortening of the involved side

congenital hip dysplasia - testing

barlow's ortolani's test diagnostic US

what is positive barlow's test

the femoral head can be popped out of the ace

what is a positive ortolani's test

Dislocated and reducible

congenital hip dysplasia - treatment

harness, bracing, splinting, or traction use - reposition the femoral head in the ace open reduction + application of hip splicaa - use if conservative managment fails

congenital limb deficiencies - when does it occur

in utero

congenital limb deficiencies - classfication

longitudinal transverse

congenital limb deficiencies - longitudinal

reduction of absences of element in the long axis of the bone

congenital limb deficiencies - transverse

limb that has developed to a particular level beyond which no skeletal element exist

congenital torticollis - presentation

unilateral contracure of the SCM R side bending + L rot L side bending + R rot

congenital torticollis - seen most at what age

first two months

congenital torticollis - cause

unknown may be caused by malpositioning in utero traumatic birth

what is barthel index

ordinal scale which measures a person's ability to complete activities of daily living

ordinal vs nominal

Ordinal data: Has a logical order, and can be categorized and ranked. EX: Olympic medals Nominal data: Has no inherent order, and can only be categorized EX: hair color, blood type

what is bayley scales of infant development used for

omprehensive tool to identify development issues during early childhood

congenital torticollis - how long until we give up on conservative management

12-24 months

what is plagiocephaly

flattening of the head

when is conservative treatment most beneficial for torticollis

within the first year of life

what is the slocums test

alternative form of the anterior drawer test for ACL