Pathology 2 - MSK Flashcards
where does the ACL run from
anterior lateral intercondylar of the tibia
to lateral femoral condyle
what does the ACL prevent
anterior tibia movement on a femur
postioer femoral motion on a fixed tibia
why can the ligamant not heal by itself
poor vascularity
when do ACL injuries most often occur
hyperflexion
rapid decc
hyper extnesion
landing on a unbalanced limb
what is a grade III ACL sprain refer to
complete tear
what is q angle
the angle between the quadriceps muscles and the patellar tendon
what is the preferred diagnosis tool for ACL tear
MRI
mri vs ct scan
MRI:
- create images of the body’s internal structures.
- MRIs are better for soft tissue, such as the brain and spinal cord, and can spot sports injuries and musculoskeletal conditions.
CT scan:
- X-rays to create detailed, three-dimensional images of the body.
- CT scans are better for examining bones and are ideal for emergency situations
what is the best test to determine ACL injury
lachmans
what is the terrible triad
ACL
medial men
MCL
what is the most common cause of PCL injury
dash board
posertrior force to the anterior knee
what is anterior compartment syndrome
when the pressure In the anterior compartment of the lower leg increases secondary to swelling
what happens to structures within the anterior compartment
blood vessel get blocked - ischemia and necrosis of nerves and musculature
what do we do when we suspect anterior compartment syndrome
medical emergency
can lead to irreversible muscle damage
what muscle make up the anterior comparment
peronus tert
ant tib
ext digitorium longus
ext hallicus longus
what is the presentation of anterior compartment syndrome
swelling of the ant tib muscle that is not relieved with medication of elevation
pain increases with passive stretching or active movement of the muscles
numbness in the distrubtion of the deep personus
cutaneous innervation of the deep peroneal nerve
toe space between one and two
bicipital tendonitis - physiological
inflammation of the tendon of the long head of the biceps
bicipital tendonitis - cause
repeated abd and ER
bicipital tendonitis - what type sports are associated with this injury
overhead arm
swiming, raquet sports, throw
bicipital tendonitis - clinical presentation
deep ache in the front and top shoulder
made worse with overhead activities and lifting heavy objects
resting makes the shoulder feel better
bicipital tendonitis - clincinal testing presentation
yergasons, speeds positive, biceps 1 and 2
pain to plapation of the long head of the iceps
bicipital tendonitis - lab test
ther are none
MRI can be used to look at the tendon but it is expensive and not normally used unless the patient is not responding to conservative treatment
bicipital tendonitis - what condition are associated with this
instability of the shoulder due to degeneration o f the biceps tendon
bicipital tendonitis - during acute phase what kind of motions should the aptient avoid
overhead activties
what lesion is the most likely to result in anterior shoulder instanility
bankhart lesion
what is colle’s fracture
transverse distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of the radius
what is the common MOI for a colle’s fracture
FOOSH
colle’s fracture - clinical presentation
pain and inflammation near fx site
dinner fork or bayonet deformity
what imaging do we use to confirm a colle’s fracture
x-ray
what is congenital hip dysplasia also known as
developmental hip dysplasia
what is congenital hip dysplasia
malignment of the femoral head in the ace
when does congenital hip dysplasia develop
the last trimester in utero
what can causes congenital hip dysplasia
cultural disposition
positioning in utero
environment and genetic influences
congenital hip dysplasia - clinical signs
asymmetrical hip abd with tightness
apparent femoral shortening of the involved side
congenital hip dysplasia - testing
barlow’s
ortolani’s test
diagnostic US
what is positive barlow’s test
the femoral head can be popped out of the ace
what is a positive ortolani’s test
Dislocated and reducible
congenital hip dysplasia - treatment
harness, bracing, splinting, or traction use - reposition the femoral head in the ace
open reduction + application of hip splicaa - use if conservative managment fails
congenital limb deficiencies - when does it occur
in utero
congenital limb deficiencies - classfication
longitudinal
transverse
congenital limb deficiencies - longitudinal
reduction of absences of element in the long axis of the bone
congenital limb deficiencies - transverse
limb that has developed to a particular level beyond which no skeletal element exist
congenital torticollis - presentation
unilateral contracure of the SCM
R side bending + L rot
L side bending + R rot
congenital torticollis - seen most at what age
first two months
congenital torticollis - cause
unknown
may be caused by malpositioning in utero
traumatic birth
what is barthel index
ordinal scale which measures a person’s ability to complete activities of daily living
ordinal vs nominal
Ordinal data: Has a logical order, and can be categorized and ranked.
EX: Olympic medals
Nominal data: Has no inherent order, and can only be categorized
EX: hair color, blood type
what is bayley scales of infant development used for
omprehensive tool to identify development issues during early childhood
congenital torticollis - how long until we give up on conservative management
12-24 months
what is plagiocephaly
flattening of the head
when is conservative treatment most beneficial for torticollis
within the first year of life
what is the slocums test
alternative form of the anterior drawer test
for ACL
