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Basecamp: MSK > Pathology 2 - MSK > Flashcards

Pathology 2 - MSK Flashcards

1
Q

where does the ACL run from

A

anterior lateral intercondylar of the tibia
to lateral femoral condyle

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2
Q

what does the ACL prevent

A

anterior tibia movement on a femur

postioer femoral motion on a fixed tibia

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3
Q

why can the ligamant not heal by itself

A

poor vascularity

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4
Q

when do ACL injuries most often occur

A

hyperflexion

rapid decc

hyper extnesion

landing on a unbalanced limb

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5
Q

what is a grade III ACL sprain refer to

A

complete tear

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6
Q

what is q angle

A

the angle between the quadriceps muscles and the patellar tendon

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7
Q

what is the preferred diagnosis tool for ACL tear

A

MRI

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8
Q

mri vs ct scan

A

MRI:
- create images of the body’s internal structures.
- MRIs are better for soft tissue, such as the brain and spinal cord, and can spot sports injuries and musculoskeletal conditions.

CT scan:
- X-rays to create detailed, three-dimensional images of the body.
- CT scans are better for examining bones and are ideal for emergency situations

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9
Q

what is the best test to determine ACL injury

A

lachmans

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10
Q

what is the terrible triad

A

ACL

medial men

MCL

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11
Q

what is the most common cause of PCL injury

A

dash board

posertrior force to the anterior knee

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12
Q

what is anterior compartment syndrome

A

when the pressure In the anterior compartment of the lower leg increases secondary to swelling

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13
Q

what happens to structures within the anterior compartment

A

blood vessel get blocked - ischemia and necrosis of nerves and musculature

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14
Q

what do we do when we suspect anterior compartment syndrome

A

medical emergency

can lead to irreversible muscle damage

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15
Q

what muscle make up the anterior comparment

A

peronus tert

ant tib

ext digitorium longus

ext hallicus longus

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16
Q

what is the presentation of anterior compartment syndrome

A

swelling of the ant tib muscle that is not relieved with medication of elevation

pain increases with passive stretching or active movement of the muscles

numbness in the distrubtion of the deep personus

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17
Q

cutaneous innervation of the deep peroneal nerve

A

toe space between one and two

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18
Q

bicipital tendonitis - physiological

A

inflammation of the tendon of the long head of the biceps

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19
Q

bicipital tendonitis - cause

A

repeated abd and ER

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20
Q

bicipital tendonitis - what type sports are associated with this injury

A

overhead arm

swiming, raquet sports, throw

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21
Q

bicipital tendonitis - clinical presentation

A

deep ache in the front and top shoulder

made worse with overhead activities and lifting heavy objects

resting makes the shoulder feel better

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22
Q

bicipital tendonitis - clincinal testing presentation

A

yergasons, speeds positive, biceps 1 and 2

pain to plapation of the long head of the iceps

23
Q

bicipital tendonitis - lab test

A

ther are none

MRI can be used to look at the tendon but it is expensive and not normally used unless the patient is not responding to conservative treatment

24
Q

bicipital tendonitis - what condition are associated with this

A

instability of the shoulder due to degeneration o f the biceps tendon

25
Q

bicipital tendonitis - during acute phase what kind of motions should the aptient avoid

A

overhead activties

26
Q

what lesion is the most likely to result in anterior shoulder instanility

A

bankhart lesion

27
Q

what is colle’s fracture

A

transverse distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of the radius

28
Q

what is the common MOI for a colle’s fracture

A

FOOSH

29
Q

colle’s fracture - clinical presentation

A

pain and inflammation near fx site

dinner fork or bayonet deformity

30
Q

what imaging do we use to confirm a colle’s fracture

A

x-ray

31
Q

what is congenital hip dysplasia also known as

A

developmental hip dysplasia

32
Q

what is congenital hip dysplasia

A

malignment of the femoral head in the ace

33
Q

when does congenital hip dysplasia develop

A

the last trimester in utero

34
Q

what can causes congenital hip dysplasia

A

cultural disposition

positioning in utero

environment and genetic influences

35
Q

congenital hip dysplasia - clinical signs

A

asymmetrical hip abd with tightness

apparent femoral shortening of the involved side

36
Q

congenital hip dysplasia - testing

A

barlow’s

ortolani’s test

diagnostic US

37
Q

what is positive barlow’s test

A

the femoral head can be popped out of the ace

38
Q

what is a positive ortolani’s test

A

Dislocated and reducible

39
Q

congenital hip dysplasia - treatment

A

harness, bracing, splinting, or traction use - reposition the femoral head in the ace

open reduction + application of hip splicaa - use if conservative managment fails

40
Q

congenital limb deficiencies - when does it occur

A

in utero

41
Q

congenital limb deficiencies - classfication

A

longitudinal

transverse

42
Q

congenital limb deficiencies - longitudinal

A

reduction of absences of element in the long axis of the bone

43
Q

congenital limb deficiencies - transverse

A

limb that has developed to a particular level beyond which no skeletal element exist

44
Q

congenital torticollis - presentation

A

unilateral contracure of the SCM

R side bending + L rot

L side bending + R rot

45
Q

congenital torticollis - seen most at what age

A

first two months

46
Q

congenital torticollis - cause

A

unknown

may be caused by malpositioning in utero

traumatic birth

47
Q

what is barthel index

A

ordinal scale which measures a person’s ability to complete activities of daily living

48
Q

ordinal vs nominal

A

Ordinal data: Has a logical order, and can be categorized and ranked.
EX: Olympic medals

Nominal data: Has no inherent order, and can only be categorized
EX: hair color, blood type

49
Q

what is bayley scales of infant development used for

A

omprehensive tool to identify development issues during early childhood

50
Q

congenital torticollis - how long until we give up on conservative management

A

12-24 months

51
Q

what is plagiocephaly

A

flattening of the head

52
Q

when is conservative treatment most beneficial for torticollis

A

within the first year of life

53
Q

what is the slocums test

A

alternative form of the anterior drawer test

for ACL

Basecamp: MSK (23 decks)

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