Pathology 2 - MSK Flashcards

1
Q

where does the ACL run from

A

anterior lateral intercondylar of the tibia
to lateral femoral condyle

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2
Q

what does the ACL prevent

A

anterior tibia movement on a femur

postioer femoral motion on a fixed tibia

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3
Q

why can the ligamant not heal by itself

A

poor vascularity

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4
Q

when do ACL injuries most often occur

A

hyperflexion

rapid decc

hyper extnesion

landing on a unbalanced limb

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5
Q

what is a grade III ACL sprain refer to

A

complete tear

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6
Q

what is q angle

A

the angle between the quadriceps muscles and the patellar tendon

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7
Q

what is the preferred diagnosis tool for ACL tear

A

MRI

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8
Q

mri vs ct scan

A

MRI:
- create images of the body’s internal structures.
- MRIs are better for soft tissue, such as the brain and spinal cord, and can spot sports injuries and musculoskeletal conditions.

CT scan:
- X-rays to create detailed, three-dimensional images of the body.
- CT scans are better for examining bones and are ideal for emergency situations

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9
Q

what is the best test to determine ACL injury

A

lachmans

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10
Q

what is the terrible triad

A

ACL

medial men

MCL

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11
Q

what is the most common cause of PCL injury

A

dash board

posertrior force to the anterior knee

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12
Q

what is anterior compartment syndrome

A

when the pressure In the anterior compartment of the lower leg increases secondary to swelling

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13
Q

what happens to structures within the anterior compartment

A

blood vessel get blocked - ischemia and necrosis of nerves and musculature

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14
Q

what do we do when we suspect anterior compartment syndrome

A

medical emergency

can lead to irreversible muscle damage

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15
Q

what muscle make up the anterior comparment

A

peronus tert

ant tib

ext digitorium longus

ext hallicus longus

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16
Q

what is the presentation of anterior compartment syndrome

A

swelling of the ant tib muscle that is not relieved with medication of elevation

pain increases with passive stretching or active movement of the muscles

numbness in the distrubtion of the deep personus

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17
Q

cutaneous innervation of the deep peroneal nerve

A

toe space between one and two

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18
Q

bicipital tendonitis - physiological

A

inflammation of the tendon of the long head of the biceps

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19
Q

bicipital tendonitis - cause

A

repeated abd and ER

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20
Q

bicipital tendonitis - what type sports are associated with this injury

A

overhead arm

swiming, raquet sports, throw

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21
Q

bicipital tendonitis - clinical presentation

A

deep ache in the front and top shoulder

made worse with overhead activities and lifting heavy objects

resting makes the shoulder feel better

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22
Q

bicipital tendonitis - clincinal testing presentation

A

yergasons, speeds positive, biceps 1 and 2

pain to plapation of the long head of the iceps

23
Q

bicipital tendonitis - lab test

A

ther are none

MRI can be used to look at the tendon but it is expensive and not normally used unless the patient is not responding to conservative treatment

24
Q

bicipital tendonitis - what condition are associated with this

A

instability of the shoulder due to degeneration o f the biceps tendon

25
bicipital tendonitis - during acute phase what kind of motions should the aptient avoid
overhead activties
26
what lesion is the most likely to result in anterior shoulder instanility
bankhart lesion
27
what is colle's fracture
transverse distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of the radius
28
what is the common MOI for a colle's fracture
FOOSH
29
colle's fracture - clinical presentation
pain and inflammation near fx site dinner fork or bayonet deformity
30
what imaging do we use to confirm a colle's fracture
x-ray
31
what is congenital hip dysplasia also known as
developmental hip dysplasia
32
what is congenital hip dysplasia
malignment of the femoral head in the ace
33
when does congenital hip dysplasia develop
the last trimester in utero
34
what can causes congenital hip dysplasia
cultural disposition positioning in utero environment and genetic influences
35
congenital hip dysplasia - clinical signs
asymmetrical hip abd with tightness apparent femoral shortening of the involved side
36
congenital hip dysplasia - testing
barlow's ortolani's test diagnostic US
37
what is positive barlow's test
the femoral head can be popped out of the ace
38
what is a positive ortolani's test
Dislocated and reducible
39
congenital hip dysplasia - treatment
harness, bracing, splinting, or traction use - reposition the femoral head in the ace open reduction + application of hip splicaa - use if conservative managment fails
40
congenital limb deficiencies - when does it occur
in utero
41
congenital limb deficiencies - classfication
longitudinal transverse
42
congenital limb deficiencies - longitudinal
reduction of absences of element in the long axis of the bone
43
congenital limb deficiencies - transverse
limb that has developed to a particular level beyond which no skeletal element exist
44
congenital torticollis - presentation
unilateral contracure of the SCM R side bending + L rot L side bending + R rot
45
congenital torticollis - seen most at what age
first two months
46
congenital torticollis - cause
unknown may be caused by malpositioning in utero traumatic birth
47
what is barthel index
ordinal scale which measures a person's ability to complete activities of daily living
48
ordinal vs nominal
Ordinal data: Has a logical order, and can be categorized and ranked. EX: Olympic medals Nominal data: Has no inherent order, and can only be categorized EX: hair color, blood type
49
what is bayley scales of infant development used for
omprehensive tool to identify development issues during early childhood
50
congenital torticollis - how long until we give up on conservative management
12-24 months
51
what is plagiocephaly
flattening of the head
52
when is conservative treatment most beneficial for torticollis
within the first year of life
53
what is the slocums test
alternative form of the anterior drawer test for ACL