Pathology 12 - MSK Flashcards by VB VB

THA - what leads to this

development dysplasia

tumor

failed reconstruction

AVA

traumatic

nonunion fx

any hip conditions that produce pain and disability

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THA - when is a hemiarthoplasty preformed

when there are only degen changes in the femoral head and not the ACE

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THA - population

normally

> 55

experienced consistant pain that has not improved with conservative methods

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THA - imaging

c\xray

CT scan

MRI

all can be used to view integrity of the joint

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THA - contraindication

active infections

severe obesity

art insuffiency

neuromuscular disease

certain mental illness

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capillary refill test used for

arterial insuffiency

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THA - how long does it last for

20 years

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THA - what pt are hip hemiarthroplasty used for

limited life expectancy

hip fx

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THA - AL approach where

interval between the TFL and glute medius

small portion of the hip abd are released

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THA - AL precautions

extension

add

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THA - direct lateral approach where

leaves post portion of glute med attahced, releases the anterior portion

long division of the TFL and vastus lateralis

posterior tissue and capulse left intact

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THA - direct lateral approach precautions

flexion > 90

ext of hip

add

if glute med repaired: avoid activity or resisted hip abd for 6-8 weeks

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THA - PL approach where

splits the glute max muscle

short external rot are released

hip abd are retraction anterioly

maintain the glute med and vastus lateralis

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THA - PL hip precaution

no hip flexion past 90-deg

add

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what is the most common apparach for THA

Posterolateral approach

results in a higher post surgical disloaction

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THA - when does cement used in surgery achieve max fixation

15 mins

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THA - turing

turn toward uninvolved side

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TKA - what are we removing

the proximal and distal joint surfaces of the knee and replacing them with a implant

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TKA - unicompartmental

only the medial of lateral joint surface needs to be replaced

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TKA - bicompartmental

the entire surface of the feumr and the tibia were replaced

TKA - tricompartmental

replacement of the tibia, femur and the patella

TKA - what design offers the most support

most to least

fully constrained design

semicontrained - the most common

unconstrianed

TKA - how long does it last

15-20 years

TKA - what is most common type of fixation

cement

TKA - complication following include

DVT infection PE fibular nerve plasy reduced ROM periprothesitic fractures

what are periprosthetic fractures

a bone fracture that occurs around or near an orthopedic implant, like a joint replacemen

TKA - how much knee ROM do we need for ADL's

TKA - how much knee ROM do we need to rise from sitting

105-deg

TKA - can we perform high intensity strengthing activities with these pt's

yes

TKA - what should the pt avoid when resting

placing the knee in 30-60 of flexion - we want to avoid contractures

TKA - do we like CPM machine

nope

Osteophyte formation is often seen with what

OA - due to bone and bone contact

what is oscillopsia

a vision problem that makes objects appear to move when they are actually still

what is hemothorax

a serious condition that occurs when blood pools in the pleural cavity, the space between the lungs and chest wall

TKA - imaging

XRAY, MRI, CT used to look at the deteration of the joint

TKA - contraindications

active infection of kee severe obesity genu recurvatum art insufficiency neuropathic joint certain mental illnesses

what is genu recurvatum

a knee deformity that causes the knee to bend backward

what is a neuropathic joint

severely damaged joint that occurs when a nerve that sends pain signals to the brain is damaged

TKA - post op complications

infection vascular damage patellofemoral instability fx surronding the prothesis PE nerve damage arthrofibrosis

what is arthrofibrosis

a condition that causes excessive scar tissue to form in a joint, leading to pain and reduced joint movement

TKA - phram

anticoagulants pain meds

TKA - noncements vs cemented WB precautions

non: toe touch cement : WBAT

TKA - knee ROM prior to hospital discharge

normally 90-0

patellectomy - what is it

surgical removal of your patella

patellectomy - when is it indicated

when there is comminuted fracture of the pattella that cannot be fixed with internal fixation

patellectomy - what part of the patella is removed

entire patella just inferior or superior pole

patellectomy - what exercises are introduced at start of PT

ROM closed chained exercises