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Clin Path > Parathyroid gland > Flashcards

Parathyroid gland Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major hormonal regulators of Ca and PO4?

A

PTH
Calcitonin
Vitamin D

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2
Q

What are the mechanisms of action of PTH and what are the net effects?

A

Kidney: increases Ca reabsorption and PO4 excretion and Vit D activation

Net: Increase Ca and decrease PO4

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3
Q

What is the major negative regulator of PTH>

A

Increase in Ca

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4
Q

What is the stimulus for PTH release:

A

Low calcium

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5
Q

What is the stimulus for Calcitonin release?

A

Hypercalcemia

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6
Q

What releases calcitonin?

A

C cells of the thyroid gland

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7
Q

What is the net effect of calcitonin?

A

Decrease Calcium and PO4

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8
Q

What is the negative regulator of calcitonin?

A

Decrease in Calcium

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9
Q

What is the most active form of Vit D?

A

Calcitrol (1,25-DiOH Vit 3)

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10
Q

What is the net effect of Vit D?

A

Increase Ca and PO4

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11
Q

What is the fundamental cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Autonomous, excessive secretion of PTH

Chief cells lose negative feedback and do not respond to increased Calcium

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12
Q

With increased PTH, what will you see in the animal?

A

Hypercalcemia
Hypophosphatemia
BUN and Creatinine are usually normal

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13
Q

What is the one thing that is diagnostic for primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Normal or elevated PTH with elevated Calcium is diagnostic

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14
Q

What do you see with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy

A

Neoplasia produces PTH related peptide

PTHrp has activity identical to PTH

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15
Q

What is the confirmatory diagnostic for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy?

A

Increased PTHrp is diagnostic

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16
Q

Increased iCa, increased PTH, and PTHrp WRI. What would you expect?

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

17
Q

Increased iCa, Decreased PTH, increased PTHrp indicates what?

A

Hypercalcemia of malignancy

18
Q

Increased iCa, PTH WRI, PTHrp WRI. Indicates what?

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

19
Q

What is the cause of renal secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Ca loss from chronic renal failure

Increase PTH secretion to offset Calcium loss

20
Q

What would you see with nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Ca WRI/Low
P Increased
PTH Sign increased

21
Q

What causes hypoparathyroidism?

A

Diseased parathyroid gland; loss of Chief cells = decreased PTH secretion

22
Q

What lab findings will you see with primary hypoparathyroidism?

A

Decreased Ca
Increased PO4
Decreased PTH

Clin Path (23 decks)

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