ACID BASE BLUH Flashcards
Total body water makes up what % of total body weight in healthy non-obese animals?
60%
Thirst and renal output are controlled by what?
effective circulating volume
What is ECV influenced by?
Blood volume, arterial blood pressure, arterial resistance, and delivery of blood to volume receptors.
What is the best indicator for increased total body water?
Body weight dummy
What is the difference between osmolality and osmolarity?
Osmolality: # of solute particles / unit weight of solution
Osmolarity: # of solute particles / unit volume of solution
What contributes to osmolality?
2(Na+K) + (Glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8)
What is the difference between osmolality and tonicity?
Tonicity does not include BUN in the equation
T/F Urea is an effective osmole
FALSE; it freely crosses the ECF and ICF. Does not contribute to tonicity.
What causes a decreased osmolar gap?
You jack ass. Does not occur.
What causes hyperosmolality?
Hypernatremia; increased BUN and glucose may cause this
T/F PCO2 = TCO2
FALSE; PCO2 is from blood gas, while TCO2 is from chemistry
Increased PCO2 =
Respiratory acidosis
Increased TCO2 =
Metabolic alkalosis
T/F PO2 reflects the total O2 carried in the blood
FALSE; Most O2 is bound to Hgb
A low PO2 =
hypoxemia
PCO2 is what? What does it measure?
Partial pressure of CO2
Measurement of alveolar ventilation
Decreased PCO2 with HCO3 WRI =
Respiratory Alkalosis
Increased PCO2 with HCO3 WRI =
Respiratory acidosis
In metabolic alkalosis, the kidneys will conserve ___ while eliminating what?
H+
HCO3
Metabolic acidosis the kidneys will conserve ___ and eliminate ___
HCO3
H+
Respiratory compensation will occur within ____, while metabolic compensation will occur within ____
Minutes
Days
High bicarbonate =
metabolic alkalosis
Low bicarbonate =
metabolic acidosis
Titrational metabolic acidosis is what/
Metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap
What anions can cause a titrational metabolic acidosis?
Lactic acids, uremic acids, phosphates, ketoacids, ethylene glycol.
Major causes of metabolic alkalosis:
Loss of H+ (Vomiting, DA, or abomasal reflux)
Gain a base (Fluid admin)
What is a simple metabolic alkalosis?
High bicarb with anion gap WRI
What are conditions that increases the anion gap?
Uremic acids, lactic acids, ketones, ethylene glycol, hyperalbuminemia
Metabolic alkalosis paradoxical aciduria is characterized by:
Metabolic alkalosis, decrease in Cl, decrease in K
Urine pH is acidic
What do you see metabolic alkalosis paradoxical aciduria with?
Ruminants with upper GI stasis or DA
