ACID BASE BLUH

Question 1

Total body water makes up what % of total body weight in healthy non-obese animals?

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

Thirst and renal output are controlled by what?

Answer 2

effective circulating volume

Question 3

What is ECV influenced by?

Answer 3

Blood volume, arterial blood pressure, arterial resistance, and delivery of blood to volume receptors.

Question 4

What is the best indicator for increased total body water?

Answer 4

Body weight dummy

Question 5

What is the difference between osmolality and osmolarity?

Answer 5

Osmolality: # of solute particles / unit weight of solution
Osmolarity: # of solute particles / unit volume of solution

Question 6

What contributes to osmolality?

Answer 6

2(Na+K) + (Glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8)

Question 7

What is the difference between osmolality and tonicity?

Answer 7

Tonicity does not include BUN in the equation

Question 8

T/F Urea is an effective osmole

Answer 8

FALSE; it freely crosses the ECF and ICF. Does not contribute to tonicity.

Question 9

What causes a decreased osmolar gap?

Answer 9

You jack ass. Does not occur.

Question 10

What causes hyperosmolality?

Answer 10

Hypernatremia; increased BUN and glucose may cause this

Question 11

T/F PCO2 = TCO2

Answer 11

FALSE; PCO2 is from blood gas, while TCO2 is from chemistry

Question 12

Increased PCO2 =

Answer 12

Respiratory acidosis

Question 13

Increased TCO2 =

Answer 13

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 14

T/F PO2 reflects the total O2 carried in the blood

Answer 14

FALSE; Most O2 is bound to Hgb

Question 15

A low PO2 =

Answer 15

hypoxemia

Question 16

PCO2 is what? What does it measure?

Answer 16

Partial pressure of CO2

Measurement of alveolar ventilation

Question 17

Decreased PCO2 with HCO3 WRI =

Answer 17

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 18

Increased PCO2 with HCO3 WRI =

Answer 18

Respiratory acidosis

Question 19

In metabolic alkalosis, the kidneys will conserve ___ while eliminating what?

Answer 19

H+

HCO3

Question 20

Metabolic acidosis the kidneys will conserve ___ and eliminate ___

Answer 20

HCO3

H+

Question 21

Respiratory compensation will occur within ____, while metabolic compensation will occur within ____

Answer 21

Minutes

Days

Question 22

High bicarbonate =

Answer 22

metabolic alkalosis

Question 23

Low bicarbonate =

Answer 23

metabolic acidosis

Question 24

Titrational metabolic acidosis is what/

Answer 24

Metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap

Question 25

What anions can cause a titrational metabolic acidosis?

Answer 25

Lactic acids, uremic acids, phosphates, ketoacids, ethylene glycol.

Question 26

Major causes of metabolic alkalosis:

Answer 26

Loss of H+ (Vomiting, DA, or abomasal reflux)

Gain a base (Fluid admin)

Question 27

What is a simple metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 27

High bicarb with anion gap WRI

Question 28

What are conditions that increases the anion gap?

Answer 28

Uremic acids, lactic acids, ketones, ethylene glycol, hyperalbuminemia

Question 29

Metabolic alkalosis paradoxical aciduria is characterized by:

Answer 29

Metabolic alkalosis, decrease in Cl, decrease in K

Urine pH is acidic

Question 30

What do you see metabolic alkalosis paradoxical aciduria with?

Answer 30

Ruminants with upper GI stasis or DA