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Clin Path > Adrenal Gland > Flashcards

Adrenal Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of endogenous glucocroticoids?

A

Cortisol

Cortisone

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2
Q

What is an example of an endogenously produced mineralocorticoid?

A

Aldosterone

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3
Q

Canine hyperadrenocorticism can be in three different forms:

A

Pituitary dependent
Adrenal dependent
Iatrogenic

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4
Q

What is the cause of pituitary dependent hyperadreoncorticism?

A

Autonomous secretion of ACTH from a pituitary tumor

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5
Q

What is the cause of adrenal dependent hyperadrenocorticism?

A

Autonomous secretion of cortisol from adrenal tumor

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6
Q

Which is more common: Pituitary dependent or adrenal dependet?

A

Pituitary dependent

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7
Q

What can cause iatrohenic hyperadrenocorticism?

A

Chronic steroid administration

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8
Q

What are some clinical signs you will see with hyperadrenocorticism?

A 
PU/PD
Polyphagia and panting 
Organomegaly 
Pot belly 
Generalized muscle atrophy
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9
Q

What are some lab abnormalaties associated with hyperadrenocorticism?

A

Increased ALP

Isosthenuria

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10
Q

What are screening tests for hyperadrenocorticism?

A

Baseline cortisol (POOR)
Urine cortisol:Creatinine ratio (GOOD)
ACTH Stimulation
Low dose deamethasone suppression test

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11
Q

T/F Baseline cortisol tests are very bad for diagnostics for HAC

A

TRUE

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12
Q

In an animal suffering from HAC, what would the UCCR be?

A

Elevated above reference interval

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13
Q

What response would you seen in a PD and AD-HAC dog with the ACTH stimulation test?

A

Post cortisol >22 ug/dL

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14
Q

What response would you see in an Iatrogenic HAC dog with the ACTH stimulation test?

A

No response/stimulation

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15
Q

What would the response be in an AD-HAC dog after the low dose dexamethasone test?

A

No suppression

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16
Q

What would be the response of a PD-HAC dog to low dose dexamethasone test?

A

No suppression OR partial suppression

17
Q

What are some differentiating tests for HAC?

A

Endogenous ACTH
High dose dexamethasone suppression test
Imaging

18
Q

What differences would you expect between PD-HAC and AD-HAC in the endogenous ACTH test?

A

AD-HAC: Decrease in ACTH

PD-HAC: WRI or increased ACTH

19
Q

What differences would you expect between PD-HAC and AD-HAC in the HIGH dose dexmethasone suppression test?

A

AD-HAC: No suppression at 4 to 8 hours

PD-HAC: Suppression at 4 and possibly 8 hours

20
Q

Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction autonomously secretes what?

A

POMC

21
Q

T/F Hirsutism alone positively predicts 90% of PPID cases

A

TRUE

22
Q

What are some other clinical signs seen with PPID?

A

PU/PD, Muscle loss, increased adiposity, laminitis

23
Q

What does PPID lead to the increase of?

A

ALpha/Beta MSH: winter effects
ACTH: Hyperadrenocorticism
Lipotropin:

24
Q

When do you have to be careful performing diagnostic tests for PPID?

A

In the fall

25
Q

What reaction would you see in a normal/stressed horse from a equine dexamethasone suppression test? PPID horse?

A

Normal: suppression; decrease in 19hr post cortisol

PPID: No suppression (Could also see this with a normal horse in the fall)

26
Q

A horse with PPID tested endogenous ACTH would see what? Normal horse?

A

Endogenous ACTH WRI: Not PPID

Increase in ACTH: PPID or normal horse in the fall

27
Q

What are the two forms of canine hypoadrenocorticism? Which is most common?

A

Decrease in glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids due to adrenal cortical dysfunction

Primary: Autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex

Secondary: Decrease in ACTH secretion due to pituitary lesion

28
Q

Canine hypoadrenocorticism is also called what?

A

Addison’s disease

29
Q

What are some signs of hypoadrenocorticism?

A

It is the great pretender = incredibly vague signs

Lethargy, weight loss, dehydration, GI disease

30
Q

What are some lab signs of hypoadrenocorticism?

A

Absence of stress leukogram

Na:K ratio

31
Q

T/F 100% of hypoadrenocorticism dogs have baseline cortisol

A

TRUE

Perform the ACTH stim test next

32
Q

Which test is the gold standard for diagnosing hypoadrenocorticism?

A

ACTH Stimulation test

33
Q

What would you expect to see from an ACTH stimulation test in a normal dog? Hypoadrenocorticism dog?

A

Normal/Stressed: would get cortisol stimulation

Hypoadrenocorticism: No stimulation

Clin Path (23 decks)

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