Endocrine Pancreas Flashcards
What stimulates glucagon release and what does it do?
Stimulated: decreased blood glucose
Net: increases blood glucose
What effect does glucagon have on insulin?
Decreases insulin release
What stimulates insulin release and what is its effect?
Stimulated by increased blood glucose
Net: decreased blood glucose
Catecholamines have what effect on insulin?
Inhibits insulin
What effect does endogenous glucocorticoids have on insulin?
Decrease insulin receptor activity
What effect does Growth hormone have insulin?
Decrease insulin receptor activity
What are the three fundamental causes of hyperglycemia?
Physiological
Pathological
Drug-induced
What are some causes of physiological hyperglycemia?
2-4 hours post meal ingestion
Excitation, fear, pain
Stress
What are some causes of pathologic hyperglycemia?
Diabetes mellitus Sepsis Hyperadrenocorticism: Inc Cortisol Pheochromocytoma: Inc Catecholamines Acromegaly: Inc GH
What are some drugs that can induce hyperglycemia?
Glucocorticoid therapy
IV-Glucose
What are some fundamental causes of hypoglycemia?
Artifact
Increased consumption/utilization
An increase in fructosamine indicates what? What does a decrease mean?
Increase = persistent hyperglycemia; DM
Decrease = persistent hypoglycemia; insulinoma
GLycosylated hemoglobin depends on:
Average glucose the last 2-3 months
What are some endocrine pancreas disorders?
Diabetes mellitus: insulin deficiency or resistance
Insulinoma: insulin excess
GLucagonoma: glucagon excess
Describe the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 DM
Type 1: Absolute insulin deficiency; more common in dogs
Type 2: peripheral insulin resistnace; more common in cats (obesity 2-5x more at risk)
What are some pathophysiologic conditions seen with diabetes mellitus?
Ketoacidosis
Osmotic diuresis
Hyperosmolar syndrome
What are some signs and lab abnormalaites of DM?
PU/PD, weight loss, polyphagia
Lab: Hyperglycemia and glucosuria
Insulinoma is the most common tumor of what species?
Ferrets
Insulinoma is classified as autonomous insulin secretion leading to ____
Persistent hypoglycemia
Glucagonoma is what?
Functional alpha cell tumor that secretes glucagon autonomously
What is a common lesion seen with glucagonoma?
Superficial necrolytic dermatitis
Dogs with glucagonoma will have a persistent ______
hyperglycemia
