Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Flashcards
What are major factors that determine serum calcium levels?
PTH activity: bone resorption
Vitamin D: Enhances Ca reabsorption from bone
Calcitonin: blocks osteoclastic activity
Horses are different in that ____ can affect their serum Ca levels
GFR
Hypercalcemia can be caused by:
- Increased PTH activity
- Increased Vitamin D activity
- Neoplasia in bone
- Renal insufficiency or failure (Horses)
- Hypoadrenocorticism
Hypocalcemia often comes about via
Decrease in the protein bound fraction
What are some things that can cause hypocalcemia?
Hypomagnesemia Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Primary hypothyroidism Chronic renal disease Protein losing enteropathy
What causes parturient hypocalcemia in cattle?
Excess Calcium loss in milk/to fetus
Decreased target cell response to PTH
Excessive urinary loss of Calcium can be caused by what?
Ethylene glycol toxicosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Furosemide treatment
What condition can falsely increase organic phosphorus amounts?
Hemolysis
What are some factors that can influence serum phosphorus?
Renal clearance
GI absorption
Bone resorption
Shifting between ECF and ICF
What can cause hypophosphatemia?
Decreased GFR Bladder rupture Hypoparathyroidism Increased Vit D Exogenous PO4
What can cause hyperphosphatemia?
Myopathies
Acute tumor lysis syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Lactic acidosis
Hypermagnesemia can be driven by what?
Decreased GFR
In vivo hemolysis
Increased PTH
