Heavy rike river, strong rike bull Flashcards
what are the 2 types of cholestasis?
intrahepatic
extrahepatic
What 3 serum parameters are increased with the retention/reflux of bile?
increased:
bilirubin
bile acids
cholesterol
What happens with a portosystemin shunt?
can be acquired or congenital
bypass liver
blood from GI tract enters circulation directly
T/F
liver enzymes DO NOT give evidence of hepatic function/dysfunction
TRUE
What do liver enzymes can give you information regarding?
hepatocellular damage
cholestasis
Where do hepatocellular leakage ez comes from?
cytosol
mitochondria
Where does ALT come from?
cytosolic enzyme
hepatocyte/skeletal muscle
What is ALT specific in?
small animals
Enzyme of choice in Dogs and Cats to evaluate hepatocyte damage
NOT helpful in Horse/Cattle
What disorders will result in increased ALT activity?
tmuch anything that causes hepatocyte damage
What are the other two names for AST?
GOT, SGOT
Where does AST come from?
cytosol/mitochondrial
Hepatocyte, muscle, erythrocytes
What is the half life of AST?
horse 7-8 days
dog
When do you use AST?
horse/cattle
commonly used to indicate hepatocyte damage
NOT SPECIFIC, interpret w/ other ez ie CK
Dogs/cats
can be used but not as specific as ALT
How do you interpret AST?
interpret w/ other Ez
CK (muscle)
ALT (liver)
ID (liver)
look for evidence of hemolysis in sample
What is Iditol dehydrogenase?
ID
cytosolic enzyme
comes from hepatocytes
unstable in serum over time
unreliable in serum over time
What does increased ID indicate?
hepatocyte damage
all species
What does increased ID indicate in horse/RMT
liver specific
AST/LDH not liver specific
Can ID be used in small in animals?
yes but less stable than ALT which is better option
What is LDH?
lactate dehydrogenase
cytosol ez
hepatocyte, muscle, rbc
Is LDH liver specific?
no, result of hepatocyte injury, muscle damage, hemolysis, interpret w/ other ez
What are inducible ez? What causes them?
increased in serum because of increased pdx
stimulated via bile/certaion drugs
increased levels dont indicate hepatocyte damage
What is ALP?
inducible membrane associated ez, comes from alot of tissues
What is C-ALP?
corticosteroid enzyme
unique to dogs
made by hepatocytes
induced by corticosteroids
what does increased L-ALP indicate?
Cholestasis
or drug induction
What drugs will increase L-ALP?
corticosteroids, thyroxine
What increases C-ALP in dogs?
endo/exogenous cortisol
hyperadrenocorticism will cause it
ALP has the highest diagnostic sensitivity in which species?
DOGS
ALP has poor diagnostic sensitivity in ____
Cats and Horses
IS ALP helpful in cattle?
meh, moderately diagnostic for cholestasis
What is GGT?
glutamyltransferase
membrane associated
What increases GGT?
cholestasis/biliary hyperplasia
induction by drugs or hormones
colostrum ingestion in neonates
GGT is most helpful in?
Horses and Cattle
moderately in dogs
Cats questionable diagnostics
