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Second Year > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Parasitism association

A

Heterotypic- different species
Negative- gives negative consequences
Temporal/permanent
External/internal

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2
Q

Parasite

A

Usually smaller with lower zoological level

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3
Q

Host

A

The one being affected

Bigger and with higher zoological level

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4
Q

Types of hosts

A

Regarding:
the stage of parasite
Specificity of parasite-host relation
Epizootiologic characteristics

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5
Q

Definitive host

A

Adult stages of the parasite

Stages of sexual reproduction

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6
Q

Intermediate host

A

Larval stages of parasite

Stages of Asexual reproduction

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7
Q

Type specificity

A

The specie where the parasite was first detected

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8
Q

Obligatory specificity

A

Essential to complete life cycle

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9
Q

Principal specificity

A

The most specific host

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10
Q

Accidental specificity

A

Not the usual host

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11
Q

Artificial specificity

A

Experimentally in non-natural hosts

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12
Q

Paratenic specificity

A

Not necessary but facilitates transmission

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13
Q

Vector

A

Invertebrate carrying parasite (mostly to DH)
Mechanic- no development of parasite
Biological- with development of parasite
Multiplicative- multiplication occurs in vector
Cycloevolutive- evolution but not multiplication
Cyclomultiplicative- evolution and multiplication

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14
Q

Reservoir host

A

Harbor parasite and do not really suffer from it

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15
Q

Bridge host

A

Usually IH parasite bearing unusual shape

Usually associated to biological cycles

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16
Q

Types of zooparasites

A

Protozoa
Helminths/worms
Arthropoda

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17
Q

Ectoparasites

A

Outside host

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18
Q

Endoparasites

A

Lives inside host

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19
Q

Erratics

A

Outside their usual place

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20
Q

Obligated

A

Needs to be in specific place/host to complete life cycle

21
Q

Facultative

A

Doesn’t rely on specific host/place to complete their life cycle

22
Q

Accidentals

A

Being in other than normal place/host

23
Q

Eurixenic

A

Wide spectrum of hosts

24
Q

Stenoxenic

A

Narrow spectrum of hosts

25
Q

Oligoxenic

A

Only a few possible hosts

26
Q

Monoxenic

A

Only one possible host

27
Q

Heteroxenic

A

One DH, one ore more IH

28
Q

Autoheteroxenic

A

Same specie can act as DH and IH depending on parasites phase

29
Q

Pathogenic

A

Directly causing disease

Only a few are

30
Q

Facultatively pathogenic

A

Can be pathogenic

Most of parasites

31
Q

Non pathogenic

A

Does not cause disease

Very few

32
Q

Direct life cycle

A

Monoxenic parasites

Only one host required

33
Q

Indirect life cycle

A

Heteroxenic parasites

Needs more than one host

34
Q

Diheteroxenic

A

One DH and one IH

35
Q

Poliheteroxenic

A

One DH and two or more IH

36
Q

Types of morphological adaptations

A

Dev. Of attachment organs
Reduction of locomotive organs
Reduction/absence of non-useful organs
Biotope adaptations

37
Q

Types of biological adaptations

A 
Reproductive
Space-temporal
Physic-chemical 
Manipulation of host behavior 
Evasion of host immune response
38
Q

Routes of infection

A 
Oral
Cutaneous (with or without penetration)
Nasal
Auditory
Ocular
Genitourinary
Transplacental
Transovaric
39
Q

Intraorganic migrations

A

Final lateral cation other than entrance
Returning to entrance location
Erratic migrations

40
Q

Exit routes

A 
Fecal
Urine
Skin (active or passive)
Nasal
Ocular
Genital
Transplacental
Transmammary 
Predations
Hyperparasitism
41
Q

Zoonotic diseases

A 
Can be transferred between animal and human by:
Cestodes
Trematodes 
Nematodes
Arthropods
42
Q

General characteristics Arthropoda

A 
Jointed limbs
Coelom, bilateral symmetry
Chitinous skeleton
Dioecious
Respiratory, nervous, circulatory, excretory, reproductive and digestive system
43
Q

Cuticle structure

A

Cuticle itself has no cells
Composed of proteins+Ca salts, chitin
Function as protection, muscle insertion, rigidity
Insoluble, indegistible

44
Q

Sensorial structure of cuticle

A

Fine hairs, spines or microtriquia

Hairs or setae (trichogen cells, can have sensitive neurons)

45
Q

Metamorphosis of arthropods

A

Controlled by hormones
Complete- egg, larvae, pupal, imago/adult
Incomplete- egg, nymph, imago/adult

46
Q

Tagmatization of arthropods

A

“Segmentation”
Head- antennae, mouthparts/chelicerae
Thorax (legs and alae)- prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax
Abdomen- organs and reproductory appendices

47
Q

Leg construction in arthropods

A 
Coax
Trochanter
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Tarsus
Metatarsus
48
Q

Respiratory types in arthropods

A

Gills
Tracheal
Tegument

49
Q

Phylum Arthropoda

A

Subphylum Crustacea/chelicerata-Class arachnida=mites and ticks
Subphylum uniramia-Class insects=lice, fleas, mosquitoes, flies, bugs

Second Year (40 decks)

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