Para Finals-protozoa Flashcards
Cytoskeleton
- subpellicular tubules
- axostyle
- costa
- polar rings
Movement structures
- pseudopods
- flagella
- undulating membrane
- cilia
- subpellicular microtubules
Nutritionally related structures
- pseudopods
- cytostome
- microcytostome/microspores
Respiration
- aerobic= in mitochondria, hepatic or tissular parasites
- anaerobic= hydrogenosomes, digestive tract, genitalia, abscesses
Excretion and osmoregulation
- simple diffusion
- fecal vacuoles
- contractile vacuoles
Reproduction
- asexual= binary fission, multiple fission, budding
- sexual= conjugation, syngamy
- alternant/metagenesis= alternating sexual/asexual stages
Binary fission
- symmetrogenic= longitudinal cleavage
- homotetogenic= transversal cleavage
Multiple fission
- schizogony/merogony
- sporogony
Budding
- internal
- external
Syngamy
Gamete fusion
- isogamy= equal size
- anisogamy= macro+microgamete
Conjugation
No individual fusion
Trophozoites
The invasive phase
Cysts
Resistant phase in environment
Genus Entamoeba general
- zoonotic
- transversal binary fission
- cyst formation
- pseudopods
- trophozoites and cysts
- differentiation by counting nuclei
Entamoeba species
E.histolytica- 4 nuclei, L.I of primate/human/dogs, bloody diarrhea
E.coli- 8 nuclei, canids/human
E.bovis- 1 nuclei, bovids
E.suis- 1 nuclei, swine
E.gallinarum- 8 nuclei, galliformes birds
Order Diplomonadida
Intestinal flagellates
-cytostome
-longitudinal binary fission
genus Giardia
Giardia
- zoonotic
- cysts w 4 nuclei
- trophozoites w 8 flagella, piriformis, sucking disc
- S.I of many hosts
- travelers diarrhea
Order Trichomonadida
Tissue flagellates
-cytostome
-longitudinal binary fission
Genus Trichomonas and Tritrichomonas
Trichomonas
-flagella and undulating membrane
-4 anterior flagella, one posterior
-no cysts
-not resistant to environment
T.gallinae- upper digestive tract of birds
T.blagburni- diarrhea in cats
Tritrichomonas
-movement by flagella and undulating membrane
-4anterior flagella, one posterior
-no cyst formation
-not resistant in environment
T.foetus- abortion in cattle
Order Kinetoplastida
Hematic flagellates -cytostome -longitudinal binary fission -flagella and undulating membrane Genus Trypanosoma, Leishmania
Trypanosoma
- zoonotic
- transmitted by triatomine bugs
- flagella and undulating membrane
- kinetoplast and kinetostome
- epimastigote in invertebrate host
- tripomastigote in vertebrate host
- changes disease, sleeping sickness
Leishmania
- zoonotic
- flagella and undulating membrane
- kinetoplast and kinetostome
- transmitted by Phlebotomus
- promastigote in invertebrate host
- amastigote in vertebrate host
Order Trichostomatida
Ciliates
- cytostome
- cilia
- transversal binary fission and conjugation
- cyst formation
Balantidium
- zoonotic
- cyst formation
- kidney shaped nucleus in cyst
- trophozoite w external layer of cilia
- L.I of primates/humans/suits/rodents
- watery diarrhea
Suborder Eimeriorina
Coccidians
Intestinal apicomplexa
-subpellicular microtubules
-microcytostome
-binary fission, multi0le fission, sexual reproduction
Genus Eimeria, Isospora, Cryptosporidium, Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma, Neospora
Eimeria
- oocyte formula 4*2
- external sporulation
Isospora
- oocyst formula 2*4
- external sporulation
- diarrhea
Cryptosporidium
- zoonotic
- oocyst formula 0*4
- internal sporulation=schizogony, game Togo you, sporogony
- hidden spores
- sporulated oocyst in feces (4 free sporozoites)
- S.I of young vertebrates
- diarrhea
Sarcocystis
- oocyst formula 2*4
- cysts in musculature of I.H=schizogony, micro/macrocysts
- internal sporulation
- gametogony and sporogony in D.H
- S.I of carnivores
- diarrhea
Toxoplasma
- zoonotic
- oocyst formula 2*4
- external sporulation
- S.I of felids
- all warm blooded animals are I.H
- reproduction in intestine, released with feces
- abortion in ruminants (1st time infected)
- malformations
Neospora
- oocyst formula 2*4
- S.I of dogs
- cattle only I.H (abortions)
Suborder Piroplasmorina
Hematic apicomplexa -subpellicular microtubules -microcytostome -binary fission, multiple fission, sexual reproduction -pear shaped zoites -no cysts -transmission by hard ticks -sexual reproduction inside ticks Genus Babesia, Theleria
Babesia
- intraerythrocytic
- 2-8 teardrop shaped merozoites
- indirect L.C
- sexual phase in iodide ticks (transovarial and trans stadial transm.)
- asexual phase in vertebrates
- canids and ruminants
- anemia, jaundice
Theleria
- first in lymphocytes, then erythrocytes
- obligated indirect L.C
- gametogony and sporogony in ixodid ticks
- schizogony/merogony in vertebrate lymphocytes
- in dogs, horses, ruminants
Suborder Haemosporina
Hematic apicomplexa
-subpellicular microtubules
-microcytostome
-binary fission, multiple fission, sexual reproduction
Genus Plasmidium, Haematoproteus, Leucocytozoon
Plasmodium
- anopheles vectors
- obligated indirect L.C
- gametogony+sporogony in vectors
- schizogony/merogony in vertebrate hosts liver+erythrocytes
- intraerythrocytic trophozoites in vertebrate host
- malaria
Haemoproteus
- mosquitoes and Hippobosca are vectors
- obligated indirect L.C
- gametogony+sporogony in hippobosca
- schizogony/merogony in birds
- intraerythrocytic gametes
Leucocytozoon
- Diptera are vectors
- obligated indirect L.C
- gametogony+sporogony in vectors
- schizogony/merogony in birds
- intraerythrocytic gametes
Amoebas
Entamoeba
Ciliated
Balantidium
Flagellates
Giardia
Trichomonas
Trypanosoma
Leishmania
Intestinal Apicomplexa
Eimeria Isospora Cryptosporidium Sarcocystis Toxoplasma Neospora
Hematic Apicomplexa
Babesia Theileria Plasmodium Haemoproteus Leucocytozoon
