Anatomy Flashcards
What is a neuron?
Function is to receive, process and transfer information
Axons, dendrites, soma/body
Unidirectional
What are the 3 types of neurons?
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons
What is glia?
Non-neural cells in the NS
Provides support, protection and metabolic support
What are the different types of glia?
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
Astrocytes
Microglia
What is Schwann cells function and where are they found?
PNS
Surrounds axons
Creates myelin sheaths
Participated in repair process after injury
What is the function of oligodendrocytes and where are they found?
CNS
Provides structural framework
Creates myelin sheaths
What is the function of astrocytes and where are they found?
CNS Maintain blood-brain barrier Structural support Nutritional and metabolic support Forms scar tissue after injury
What is the function of microglia and where is it found?
CNS
Cleaning up by phagocytosis
What is an afferent Nerve?
Sensory
Sends sensory information from outside to CNS
Unipolar
What does s an efferent Nerve?
Sends motor impulses from CNS to effector organs (muscles+glands)
Multipolar
Where does CNS derive from?
Ectoderm
From the neural tube
Where do the PNS derive from?
Ectoderm
From the neural crest
What are the primary brain vesicles?
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
What are the secondary brain vesicles?
Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon (midbrain) Metencephalon (pons+cerebellum) Myelencephalon (medulla)
What does telencephalon give rise to?
Cerebrum
Lateral ventricles
What does diencephalon give rise to?
Diencephalon
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, retina
Third ventricle
What does mesencephalon give rise to?
Brainstem-midbrain
Cerebral aqueduct
What does methencephalon give rise to?
Brain stem-pons
Cerebellum
Fourth ventricle
What does myencephalon give rise to?
Brain stem-medulla oblongata
Fourth ventricle
What does the neural crest give rise to?
Sensitive ganglia
Sympathetic ganglia
Parasympathetic ganglia
Schwann cells
What are the three meninges?
Dura mater (outer) Arachnoid (middle) Pai mater (inner)
What are the components of CNS?
Spinal cord
Brain
What are the components of PNS?
Sensitive ganglia
Sympathetic/parasympathetic ganglia
Nerves
Hydrocephalus
Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in brain
Brain hypoplasia/aplasia
Poor on non-developed brain
Cranioschisis
Scull fails to completely fuse, exposing brain
Meningoenchepalocoele
Development of sac of fluid containing brain+meninges, in the brain
Cerebellar hypoplasia
Under development of cerebellum
Spina bifida
Incomplete folding of neural tube, spine/meninges doesn’t close exposing spinal cord
Mieloschisis/rachisis
Entire backbone fails to close, leaving spinal cord completely open
Syringomyelia
Formation of cyst inside spinal cord, compressing nerves
Tracts
Groups of axons
White matter
Nuclei
Group of cell bodies
Grey matte
Medullary cone
Most caudal part of spinal cord before terminal filament
Terminal filament
Very thin/narrow area at the sacral area
Cauda equina
Bundle of nerves coming out of medullary cone at lumbo-sacral region
Cauda equina syndrome= compression ouch bundle of nerves coming out of medullary cone
Length of spinal cord
Longest in cats
Shortest in dogs
Dorsal root
Afferent nerves
Ventral root
Afferent nerves
Grey matter
Group of cell bodies, no myelin
Inner part of spinal cord
Horns
White matter
Groups of axons in periphery of spinal cord, myelinated
Columns
