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Second Year > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Function is to receive, process and transfer information
Axons, dendrites, soma/body
Unidirectional

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons?

A

Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons

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3
Q

What is glia?

A

Non-neural cells in the NS

Provides support, protection and metabolic support

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4
Q

What are the different types of glia?

A

Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
Astrocytes
Microglia

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5
Q

What is Schwann cells function and where are they found?

A

PNS
Surrounds axons
Creates myelin sheaths
Participated in repair process after injury

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6
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes and where are they found?

A

CNS
Provides structural framework
Creates myelin sheaths

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7
Q

What is the function of astrocytes and where are they found?

A 
CNS
Maintain blood-brain barrier
Structural support
Nutritional and metabolic support
Forms scar tissue after injury
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8
Q

What is the function of microglia and where is it found?

A

CNS

Cleaning up by phagocytosis

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9
Q

What is an afferent Nerve?

A

Sensory
Sends sensory information from outside to CNS
Unipolar

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10
Q

What does s an efferent Nerve?

A

Sends motor impulses from CNS to effector organs (muscles+glands)
Multipolar

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11
Q

Where does CNS derive from?

A

Ectoderm

From the neural tube

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12
Q

Where do the PNS derive from?

A

Ectoderm

From the neural crest

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13
Q

What are the primary brain vesicles?

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

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14
Q

What are the secondary brain vesicles?

A 
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Metencephalon (pons+cerebellum)
Myelencephalon (medulla)
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15
Q

What does telencephalon give rise to?

A

Cerebrum

Lateral ventricles

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16
Q

What does diencephalon give rise to?

A

Diencephalon
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, retina
Third ventricle

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17
Q

What does mesencephalon give rise to?

A

Brainstem-midbrain

Cerebral aqueduct

18
Q

What does methencephalon give rise to?

A

Brain stem-pons
Cerebellum
Fourth ventricle

19
Q

What does myencephalon give rise to?

A

Brain stem-medulla oblongata

Fourth ventricle

20
Q

What does the neural crest give rise to?

A

Sensitive ganglia
Sympathetic ganglia
Parasympathetic ganglia
Schwann cells

21
Q

What are the three meninges?

A 
Dura mater (outer)
Arachnoid (middle)
Pai mater (inner)
22
Q

What are the components of CNS?

A

Spinal cord

Brain

23
Q

What are the components of PNS?

A

Sensitive ganglia
Sympathetic/parasympathetic ganglia
Nerves

24
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in brain

25
Q

Brain hypoplasia/aplasia

A

Poor on non-developed brain

26
Q

Cranioschisis

A

Scull fails to completely fuse, exposing brain

27
Q

Meningoenchepalocoele

A

Development of sac of fluid containing brain+meninges, in the brain

28
Q

Cerebellar hypoplasia

A

Under development of cerebellum

29
Q

Spina bifida

A

Incomplete folding of neural tube, spine/meninges doesn’t close exposing spinal cord

30
Q

Mieloschisis/rachisis

A

Entire backbone fails to close, leaving spinal cord completely open

31
Q

Syringomyelia

A

Formation of cyst inside spinal cord, compressing nerves

32
Q

Tracts

A

Groups of axons

White matter

33
Q

Nuclei

A

Group of cell bodies

Grey matte

34
Q

Medullary cone

A

Most caudal part of spinal cord before terminal filament

35
Q

Terminal filament

A

Very thin/narrow area at the sacral area

36
Q

Cauda equina

A

Bundle of nerves coming out of medullary cone at lumbo-sacral region
Cauda equina syndrome= compression ouch bundle of nerves coming out of medullary cone

37
Q

Length of spinal cord

A

Longest in cats

Shortest in dogs

38
Q

Dorsal root

A

Afferent nerves

39
Q

Ventral root

A

Afferent nerves

40
Q

Grey matter

A

Group of cell bodies, no myelin
Inner part of spinal cord
Horns

41
Q

White matter

A

Groups of axons in periphery of spinal cord, myelinated

Columns

Second Year (40 decks)

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