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Second Year > Micro Finals-fungi > Flashcards

Micro Finals-fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Fungi-Key points

A
  • eukaryotic
  • non photosynthetic
  • cell walls with chitin
  • mounds or yeasts
  • sexual or asexual (spores) reproduction
  • ergosterol in membrane
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2
Q

Zygomycota

A
  • sexual reproduction with zygospores
  • asexual reproduction with spores (conidiophores or sporangiospores)
  • aseptate hyphae
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3
Q

Basidiomyceta

A
  • sexual reproduction with basidiospores
  • rare asexual reproduction
  • septate hyphae
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4
Q

Ascomyceta

A
  • sexual reproduction with ascospores
  • asexual reproduction with conidia
  • septate hyphae
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5
Q

Deuteromycota/fungi imperfecti

A
  • only asexual reproduction known

- sporangiospores

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6
Q

Arthroconidia

A

Spores by release of hyphae fragmentation

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7
Q

Blastoconidia

A

Conidia by budding from mother cell

Hyphae or pseudohyphae

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8
Q

Chlamydoconidia

A

Thick walled spores with storage products

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9
Q

Macroconidia

A

Large multicelled

Dermatophytes in culture

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10
Q

Microconidia

A

Small conidia

Some dermatophytes

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11
Q

Phialoconidia

A

Conidia from Philalides

Flower like

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12
Q

Sporangiospores

A

Microphone like

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13
Q

Stages of germination/development of hyphae

A
  1. Germination of spores
  2. Swelling, increased metabolic activity
  3. Tubular projections, branched hyphae
  4. Maturation
  5. Lateral branches
  6. septa formation
  7. Myecelium
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14
Q

Zygomycota reproduction

A
  1. Zygospore production by hyphae fusion
  2. Zygospore divides into zygote
  3. Zygote produce sporangium
  4. Sporangium release + and - spores
  5. Spores germinate separately
  6. Production and of new hyphae
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15
Q

Yeast reproduction

A
  • Ascospore budding into zygote
  • Sexual or asexual reproduction by budding or conjugation
  • a or alpha ascospores
  • haploid and diploid spores
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16
Q

Dermatophytes

A

-affinity for keratinized structures
-macroconidia in cultures
-arthroconidia infective form
-hyphae in tissues
-ringworm lesions
Microsporum, trichopython

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17
Q

Microsporum canis

A
  • White fluffy colonies with yellow/orange/brown edges

- spindle shaped macroconidia with <15 septa, thick walls

18
Q

Trichopython verrucosum

A
  • white, heaped velvety colonies with pale/white edges

- chlamydospores in chains

19
Q

Aspergillus

A

Molds

  • pigmented colonies
  • respiratory pathogens, aflatoxins
20
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

A
  • blue colonies
  • phialoconidia in cultures
  • respiratory pathogen
  • guttural pouch mycosis
21
Q

Aspergillus flavus

A

Mold

  • green colonies
  • phialoconidia in culture
  • aflatoxins
22
Q

Yeasts

A

-unicellular budding cells
-asexual reproduction with blastoconidia
-ascomycota or basidiomycota
-chlamydospores in in cornmeal
-germ tubes in serum
Cryptococcus, Malassezia, Candida

23
Q

Cryptococcus

A 
Cryptococcus neoformans
-mucopolysaccharide capsule
-budding on narrow neck
-bird droppings
-inhalation of spores
-phenoloxidase->melanin, protection from free radicals
-respiratory, cutaneous, neural disease
-localized granulomas 
-selective birdseed agar-> red colonies (phenoloxidase)
Biohazard cabinet
24
Q

Malassezia

A

Malassezia pachydermatis

  • shoe shaped cells
  • otitis external
  • seborrheic dermatitis
25
Q

Dimorphism fungi

A

-mounds in environment and culture
-yeast in animal tissues
-opportunistic infections
-inhalation of spores
Blastomyces, Coccoides, Histoplasma, Sporothrix

26
Q

Blastomyces

A

Blastomyces dermatitis

  • SDA-> white cottony colonies, oval/pear shaped conidia
  • BHI/tissues-> thick walled cells, budding on broad base
  • canine blastomycosis
27
Q

Coccoides

A

Coccoides immitis

  • SDA-> white cottony colonies, arthroconidia
  • BHI/tissues-> spherules with endospores
  • inhalation of spores
  • respiratory disease
  • coccidiomycosis
28
Q

Histoplasma

A 
Histoplasma capsulatum
-SDA-> white cottony colonies, sunflower like conidia
-BHI/tissues-> small oval cells (in macrophages)
-inhalation of spores
-respiratory disease, diarrhea
-histoplasmosis
Histoplasma farcinosum
-enzootic lynphangitus
-resemble B.mallei cutaneous form
29
Q

Sporothrix

A

Sporothrix schenkii

  • SDA-> dry brown leathery colonies, pear shaped conidia, rosette
  • BHI/tissues-> cigar shaped cells
  • inoculation under skin
  • granulomas and ulcers, lymphocutaneous disease
  • sporothricosis
30
Q

Zygomycetes

A

Mounds
-sporangiospores “microphones”
-zygomycosis
Mucorales, Mortierellales, Entemophthorales

31
Q

Mucorales and Mortierellales

A

“Bread molds”

  • microphone like sporangiospores
  • ingestion or inhalation of spores
  • abortion, pneumonia, intestinal ulcers, enteritis
32
Q

Entemopthorales

A

Molds

  • spores enter through skin or nasal mucus membranes (respiratory)
  • granulomas w. Eosinophilic deposits
  • entomopthomycosis
33
Q

Aflatoxicosis

A
  • Aspergillus flavus
  • Aflatoxin B1
  • hepatocellular necrosis, decreased liver function
  • maize, grain, rice, nuts
34
Q

Fumosin toxicosis/ mycotoxic leucoencephalomalacia

A
  • Fusarium verticilloides
  • fumosin B1
  • neurological signs, porcine pulmonary edema
  • moldy corn, grains
35
Q

Ergotism

A
  • Claviceps purpurea
  • ergotamine
  • convulsions, swelling and lesions of limbs, lameness, gangrene
  • ryegrass seeds, rye, barley
36
Q

Facial eczema

A
  • Pithomyces chartarum
  • sporidesmin
  • reduced phylloerythrin in liver
  • photodynamic lesions
  • in pasture
37
Q

Ochratoxicosis

A
  • Penicillum verdicatum
  • ochratoxin A
  • renal disease, nephropathy
  • cereal grains
38
Q

Mycotoxic oestrogemism

A
  • Fusarium graminearum
  • zearalenone
  • vulvar edema, abortion’s
  • excreted in milk-> public health risk
  • corn, grain, silage
39
Q

Tremorgenic mycotoxicosis

A
  • Pencillium species
  • penitrem A
  • inhibits potassium channels of smooth muscle (CSN)
  • muscle tremors, rigidity, seizures, recumbents, fainting, unsteady walk
40
Q

Mold genuses

A
  • Aspergillus
  • microsporum
  • mucorales
  • Mortierellales
  • entemophthorales
41
Q

Yeast genuses

A
  • candida
  • Malassezia
  • cryptococcus
42
Q

Dimorphic fungi genuses

A
  • Sporothrix
  • Coccoides
  • Histoplasma
  • blastomyces

Second Year (40 decks)

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