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PBR 2 and 3 > Page 7 > Flashcards

Page 7 Flashcards

1
Q

low-intensity curvilinear lines contained within the fibrous capsule, representing collapsed implant shell floating within the silicone gel; curvy noodle-shaped dark lines inside the implant that do not extend to the periphery

A

intracapsular silicone implant rupture,
intact multilumen implant (false +)

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2
Q

small amounts of silicone collected in a radial fold; focus of silicone gel trapped within a fold of the
implant shell

A

(subtle) intracapsular silicone implant rupture

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3
Q

microscopic silicone leaks through the intact implant shell and collect at the implant shell surface; difficult to differentite from a small intracapsular rupture

A

intracapsular rupture

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4
Q

echogenic finding caused by the slow velocity of sound in silicone with respect to the surrounding breast parenchyma; looks like air in the bowel

A

extracapsular rupture, gel bleed, silicone or paraffin injections

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5
Q

multiple thin echogenic lines within the implant that do not extend to the periphery of the implant. Thin lines represent echoes of the collapsing implant wall folding in on itself

A

intracapsular rupture, extracapsular rupture, intact multilumen implant (false +)

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6
Q

***Note: signs of intracapsular rupture will always be present with the finding of extracapsular rupture

A
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7
Q
A

hydrosalpinx

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8
Q

characteristic and definitive on plain films

A

leiomyoma

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9
Q
A

proliferative phase endometrium

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10
Q

vascular supply contiguous with the myometrium

A

exophytic leiomyoma

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11
Q

pattern of spaced dark linear echoes (shadows) emanating from the mass caused by increased absorption of sound by fibrous tissue within the tumor; may be useful in differentiating submucous
leiomyomas from endometrial polyps

A

leiomyoma

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12
Q

to differentiate from leiomyomas, lack of distinct margins and mass effect makes this appearance more characteristic of adenomyosis

A

adenomyosis

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13
Q

multiple punctate foci with high signal intensity in the junctional zone

A

adenomyosis

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14
Q

amorphous echogenic mass that fades into acoustic reverberation and shadowing

A

benign cystic teratoma

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15
Q

2 concentric lines due to the echogenic decidua capsularis-smooth chorion and the peripherally
located decidua parietalis

A

intrauterine pregnancy

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15
Q

echogenic ring formed by chorionic villi located eccentric to the endometrial cavity; not specific; tiny cystic structure / developing sac, implanted within the echogenic decidua, deviates the endometrial cavity reflection

A

early intrauterine pregnancy

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16
Q
A

abnormal intrauterine pregnancy or ectopic pregnancy

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17
Q

rare/uncommon; amniotic sac and yolk sac

A

(earliest demonstration of the) embryo

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18
Q
A

corpus luteum, ectopic pregnancy

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18
Q

extrauterine gestational sac appearing as a fluid-containing structure with an echogenic ring

A

ectopic pregnancy

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19
Q

blood in the uterine cavity surrounded bu the echogenic decidua produces cystic appearing mass

A

ectopic pregnancy

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19
Q

villi become swollen and vesicular; vesicles enlarge

A

H. mole (2nd tri)

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20
Q

theca lutein cysts seondary to the high hCG

A

H. mole

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21
Q

uterus is filled with an echogenic, solid, highly vascular mass

A

H. mole

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22
Q

normal spiral appearance of the 3-vessel cord

A

normal umbilical cord

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23
Q
A

ventriculomegaly

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24
Q

compression of the cerebellar hemispheres into a banana shape; cerebellum loses their round/lumpy appearance

A

Chiari II, spina bifida

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25
Q

bossing of the frontal bones

A

Chiari II, spina bifida

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26
Q
A

agenesis of corpus callosum

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26
Q
A

unicornuate uterus

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27
Q

fused/approximated iliac wings

A

caudal regression syndrome

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28
Q

normal

A

anatomic confluence of the intrahepatic portal veins

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29
Q

groove between the membranes at the insertion into the placenta appears thick

A

dichorionic-diamniotic

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30
Q

junction of the 3 interfetal membranes

A

trichorionic

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30
Q

insertion cleanly joins the chorionic plate of the placenta as a thin, wispy membrane

A

monochorionic-diamniotic

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31
Q

prominent or multiple hypoechoic-anechoic irregular spaces (lacunae) in the placenta

A

placentra accreta

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32
Q
A

hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst

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33
Q
A

endometriomas, tubo-ovarian abscess

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34
Q

mucosal folds protruding into the lumen; cogwheel if tube is swollen/has thickened wall, beads-on-a- string if not

A

fluid-filled diseased tube

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35
Q

if the tube becomes blocked at the fimbrial or cornual end, it becomes convoluted and incomplete septa are visible

A

hydrosalpinx

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36
Q
A

PCOS

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37
Q

low T2 and cobblestone

A

leiomyoma with hyaline degeneration

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38
Q

layering of low-signal-intensity blood products within the cyst

A

endometriomas

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39
Q

pulling in or tethering of tissue in the glandular tissue edge

A

masses at the glandular edge or breast tissue

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40
Q

both round and linear shapes

A

fine linear branching calcifications in DCIS or invasive ductal ca

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41
Q
A

calcifying fibroadenomas

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42
Q

oval mass containing fat and fibroglandular tissue within a thin capsule or rim

A

hamartoma aka fibroadenolipoma

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43
Q

fatty hilum and close proximity to blood vessels

A

intramammary lymph node

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44
Q
A

suspicious enhancement curve

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45
Q

irregular narrowing

A

(intramural) TCC / tumor

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46
Q

ureteral dilatation distal to a filling defect / inferior margin of the lesion

A

TCC / tumor

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47
Q

may invade into and involve a large part of the kidney but the reniform shape of the kidney is usually preserved

A

urothelial tumor

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47
Q

round mass that often distorts the renal contour

A

RCC

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48
Q
A

normal seminal vesicles

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48
Q

vertically oriented bladder with irregular contour consistent with trabeculation and frequently with multiple diverticula

A

neurogenic bladder specifically detrusor hyperreflexia / detrusor-external sphincter dyssnergia

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48
Q

avascular solitary structures with concentric hyperechoic and hypoechoic rings

A

epidermoid cysts of the testes

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48
Q

dilation of the posterior urethra in males and entire urethra in females

A

nonneurogenic neurogenic bladder / Hinman syndrome

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49
Q

lower pole system is inferiorly displaced / reversal of its normal axis, fewer than normal number of its calyces, lateral deviation of its proximal ureter (all because of the dilated upper moiety)

A

lower pole system of ureteral duplication / presence of nonfunctioning upper pole collecting system

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49
Q

distal ureter protruding into the bladder lumen in the region of the trigone

A

orthotopic/simple/adult-type ureterocele

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49
Q

absence of collecting system elements or renal sinus fat in the junction of the upper and lower moieties; may help identify duplication even in plain studies

A

duplication

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49
Q

lesions are usually multiple and may coalesce

A

malakoplakia

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49
Q

may give a corduroy appearance

A

leukoplakia

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49
Q

characteristic deformity of the distal ureters consisting of medial and cephalic displacement

A

schistosomiasis

50
Q

pelvic ureter extends laterally through the sacrosciatic notch

A

sacrosciatic herniation of the ureter

50
Q

widening of the distal ureters

A

bladder exstrophy / exstrophy-epispadiac anomaly

51
Q

elevates the interureteric ridge, UVJs are displaced superiorly

A

prostate enlargement

51
Q

one pattern of papillary necrosis resulting from bilateral forniceal erosions into the medullary pyramid above the papilla

A

papillary necrosis

51
Q

high signal characteristic but seen in only 70%

A

pheochromocytoma

52
Q
A

(earliest stages of) renal TB

52
Q

small and completely calcified kidney reflecting the texture of caseous necrosis mixed with calcification

A

(end-stage) renal TB

53
Q

ureter is shortened and straightened owing to periureteral fibrosis

A

TB

53
Q
A

oncocytoma, RCC (chromophobe?)

54
Q

course of the proximal ureter before it crosses behind and around the IVC

A

circumcaval/retrocaval ureter

54
Q

streaks and wedges of low attenuation extending to the renal capsule

A

acute pyelonephritis

55
Q

replacement of smooth muscle by collages that forms thick ridges, alternating with areas of small aneurysm formation

A

medial fibroplasia

55
Q

circumferential compression of the bladder, normal variant of a narrow pelvis with prominent iliopsoas muscles, diffuse pelvic hematoma, pelvic
lipomatosis, bilateral pelvic LN enlargement, bilateral external iliac arterty aneurysms, massive venous collaterals, retroperitoneal fibrosis,
lymphoceles that form after pelvic LN dissection

A
55
Q

thin rim of soft tissue around a calcification lodged in the ureter; edematous wall of the ureter surrounding a stone

A

ureteral stone

56
Q

linear or curvilinear soft-tissue density that extends from a pelvic calcification felt to represent the vein / thrombosed vein in which the phlebolith forms

A

phlebolith

57
Q
A

plexiform neurofibroma

57
Q
A

urethral rupture

57
Q

mid- and hindbrain malformation resembling a molar tooth

A

Joubert syndrome, JS-related disorders

57
Q
A

Joubert syndrome related disorders

57
Q

ecchymosis over mastoid process

A

temporal bone fracture

58
Q

marked narrowing of both supraclinoid ICAs

A

moyamoya disease

58
Q

increased conspicuity of deep medullary veins

A

moyamoya disease

58
Q

splayed configuration of teh cerebral peduncles as a manifestation of mild atrophy of the midbrain

A

Parkinson disease

59
Q

symmetric hypodensities in the cerebellar white matter

A

acute heroin CNS toxicity

59
Q

symmetric involvement of the corpus callosum

A

GBM / butterfly glioma

59
Q

early imaging hallmark; confluent pattern of deep cerebral hemispheric altered CT attenuation and MR signal intensity

A

metachromatic leukodystrophy

59
Q

linear hypointensities in a sea of confluent hyperintensity; reflects early sparing of perivenular myelin

A

metachromatic leukodystrophy

60
Q

nearly pathognomonic pattern of alternating inner hyperintense and outer hypointense layers in enlarged cerebellar folia

A

dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma / Lhermitte-Duclos disease

60
Q

enhancing rim of compressed pituitary gland surrounding the nonenhancing cyst

A

Rathke cleft cyst

60
Q

serpentine hyperintensities in the sulci from slow flow in leptomeningeal collaterals

A

Sturge-Weber syndrone, moyamoya disease, SCD with moyamoya pattern*

60
Q

*Conditions with moyamoya-like collaterals: radiation, NF1, trisomy 21, sickle cell disease, slowly progressive ASVD

A
61
Q

literal Japanese translation of moyamoya; (+) blush representing dramatic proliferation of tiny collateral vessels

A

moyamoya disease

61
Q

well-corticated density above the condylar neck on lateral views because of the horixontal axis of the fragment

A

subcondylar fractures

61
Q

alternating areas of linear hyperintensity along the ependyma

A

MS

61
Q

centripetal perivenular extension radiating outward from the lateral ventricles

A

MS

61
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

ring-shaped zone of peripheral enhancement with a small eccentric mural nodule

61
Q

ring of marked hypointensity caused by excess Fe accumulation surrounding a central hyperintense focus in the medial globus pallidus

A

acute organophosphate poisoning, PKAN (formerly known as Hallervorden-Spatz disease), later stages of neuroferritinopathy

61
Q
A

tuberous sclerosis complex

62
Q
A

MSUD

62
Q

uplifting of the superolateral orbital rim

A

unilateral coronal craniosynostosis

62
Q

due to atrophy of the caudate nucleus

A

Huntington disease

62
Q
A

corpus callosum dysgenesis

62
Q

spoke-wheel gyral pattern extending perpendicularly to the roof of the third ventricle

A

complete corpus callosum agenesis

63
Q

seen in the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles

A

corpus callosum dysgenesis

64
Q

spoke-wheel or reticulated densities caused by fewer but thicker trabeculae

A

osseous hemangioma

65
Q
A

classic lissencephaly

66
Q
A

vermian hypoplasia, Blake pouch cyst

67
Q

hair-like collection of dilated medullary veins within the WM

A

developmental venous anomaly

68
Q

symmetric T2-hyperintensity in the posterior and dorsomedial aspects of the thalamic nuclei

A

new variant CJ disease

69
Q

T1 hyperintensity in the posterior thalamus

A

Fabry disease

70
Q

classic angiographic appearance; vessels extend from the base of the tumor toward its periphery

A

meningioma

71
Q

string of small WM lesions

A

watershed infarct

72
Q

characteristic pattern of mixed areas of hypodensity and hyperdensity

A

cortical contusions (1st week)

73
Q
A

Chiari 2

74
Q

focal contrast extravasation within an acute hematoma

A

high risk of clot expansion over the 1st several hours after admission in hypertensive hemorrhages

75
Q
A

absent cavum septi pellucidi

76
Q

numerous areas of cystic change

A

central neurocytoma

77
Q

abnormal separation of the gray-white matter junction from the inner table of the skull

A

isodense phase of subdural hematoma

78
Q

looks like a double cortex

A

band heterotopias

79
Q

funnel-shaped area of blurred gray-white interface at the bottom of the sulcus

A

focal cortical dysplasia type IIb

80
Q
A

osmotic demyelination syndrome

81
Q

inward compression of the WM (often with thinning of the fronds of the WM)

A

extra-axial lesion

82
Q
A

trigeminal schwannoma

83
Q

stripes of hyperdense blood layered over the cerebellar folia

A

remote cerebellar hemorrhage (rare)

84
Q
A

pituitary macroadenoma

85
Q

moth-eaten destruction of the bone surrounding the jugular fossa

A

paraganglioma

86
Q

peripheral nerve sheath enhances rather than the nerve itself

A

optic nerve sheath meningiomas, may be mimicked by sarcoidosis, leukemia, or
lymphoma

86
Q

typically heterogeneous, numerous flow voids

A

paraganglioma

87
Q

LA becoming border forming on the right

A

massive LA enlargement

88
Q

Occurs when R side of LA indents the adj lung forming its own distinct silhouette

A

LA enlargement

89
Q
A

TOF

90
Q

as patients grow older, especially if they remain untreated, their lung fields become peppered with small, reticular blood vessels

A

decreased pulmonary vascularity

91
Q

pericardial effusion (lucent margin along the left heart border on PA or along the posterior cardiac border on lateral view)

A
92
Q
A

pericardial effusion

93
Q

> 500 mL

A

very large pericardial effusion

94
Q
A

pericardial effusion or generalized cardiomyopathy

95
Q
A

Aortic dissection

96
Q

constriction due to the coarctation separates two areas of enlargement: 1) proximal aorta or aortic knob extending to the base of the subclavian artery due to pre-stenotic dilatation and 2) aorta distal to the coarctation

A

COA

97
Q

upper curve of the S is produced by the large posterior arch while the lower curve is produced by the smaller anterior arch

A

double aortic arch, all true vascular rings

98
Q

ex: bicuspid aortic valve

A

kung bicuspid iyong valve

99
Q

during diastole, there is prolapse of the MV leaflets into the LV leading to elongation of the left outflow tract

A

ASD specifically ostium primum (complete form) / endocardial cushion defect

100
Q

slight accentuation of the normal concavity of the left cardiac border, associated with downward displacement of the cardiac apex

A

LV dilatation

101
Q

increased convexity or prominence of the left cardiac border (resembles RV enlargement)

A

LV hypertrophy

102
Q

when the LV extends >1.8 cm posterior to the IVC at a level 2 cm cephalad to the intersection of the LV (or diaphragm sa 5th ed) and IVC

A

LV enlargement

103
Q
A

mild LV wall hypertrophy especially in cardiac amyloidosis (restrictive)

104
Q

prominence of the upwardly and outwardly displaced right ventricular outflow tract, just below the pulmonary artery

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

105
Q
A

Uhl anomaly

106
Q

flattening in the region of the hypoplastic RV and prominence of the enlarged RA appendage

A

tricuspid atresia

107
Q

The pulmonary veins join to form a common vessel behind the LA. The common vein then joins the vertical vein (persistent left SVC), and it then joins the innominate vein. The innominate vein travels across the mediastinum and empties into the SVC. These connections form an inverted U-shaped vessel, best appreciated on PA radiograph, but also seen on lateral view, just anterior to the trachea. This U-shaped vessel accounts for the upper portion of the snowman. The lower portion is made up of the enlarged heart, specifically the RA and RV.

A

type I TAPVR

108
Q
A

reversed flow distribution (CHF and pulmonary venous hypertension)

109
Q

angiographic hallmark appearance of arteries representing collaterals around areas of occlusion (most often at wrists and akles) and the absence of atherosclerotic findings

A

Buerger disease

110
Q
A

GI bleeding

111
Q

alternating areas of vasospasm

A

nonocclusive ischemia

112
Q

compression of the intrahepatic IVC by swollen liver and enlarged caudate lobe

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

PBR 2 and 3 (41 decks)

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