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PBR 2 and 3 > Most Common Page 4 > Flashcards

Most Common Page 4 Flashcards

1
Q

MC scalp mass in middle-aged and older adults

A

sebaceous (trichilemmal) cyst

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2
Q

2nd MC cerebral vascular malformation

A

brain capillary telangiectasias

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3
Q

MC circle of Willis variant

A

absent or hypoplastic PCoA

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4
Q

MC locations of arachnoid granulations

A

transverse sinus and superior sagittal sinus

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5
Q

MC site of cervicocephalic involvement of fibrous dysplasia

A

ICA

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6
Q

MC type of fibrous dysplasia

A

type 1 / medial fibroplasia

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7
Q

MCC of ischemic stroke in young and middle-aged adults

A

craniocervical arterial dissection

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8
Q

MC site of dissection in the head and neck

A

extracranial ICA

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9
Q

Most frequently involved site of intracranial dissections / MC site of dissecting aneurysms

A

vertebral artery

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10
Q

MC location of vertebral dissections

A

skull base to C1 and C1 to C2

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11
Q

MCC of severe cerebral vasoconstriction

A

vasospasm with multifocal foci of arterial constriction and dilatation

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12
Q

MC worldwide cause of childhood stroke

A

sickle cell disease

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13
Q

MC monogenic heritable cause of lacunar stroke and vascular dementia in adults

A

CADASIL

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14
Q

MC form of thrombotic microangiopathy

A

DIC

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15
Q

MC finding in TB meningitis on NECT

A

hydrocephalus

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16
Q

MC site of CNS mycoses

A

meninges

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17
Q

MC cerebral complication following BM transplatation

A

Aspergillosis

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18
Q

MC CNS site of T. solium larvae (neurocysticercosis)

A

intracranial subarachnoid spaces

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19
Q

MC site of intraventricular neurocysticercosis

A

Fourth

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20
Q

2nd MC acquired idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease

A

ADEM

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21
Q

MC imaging pattern of autoimmune encephalitis

A

limbic encephalitis (one or both medial temporal lobes)

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22
Q

MC affected segment of the spinal cord in NMOSD

A

cervical

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23
Q

MC of all primary CNS neoplasms in patients 18-30 yo (young adults)

A

IDH-mutant diffuse astroctyoma

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23
Q

Most commonly involved CNs in neurosarcoidosis

A

II and VII

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24
Q

MC location IDH-mutant diffuse astrocytomas

A

frontal lobes (cerebral hemispheres)

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25
Q

MC variant of the pancreas

A

pancreas divisum

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26
Q

MC primary CNS neoplasm that causes “brain-to-brain” metastases

A

GBM

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27
Q

MC route of GBM spread

A

white matter tracts (such as corpus callosum, fornices, anterior commissure, and corticospinal tract)

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28
Q

In contrast to IDH-wild-type GBMs, what is the MC location of IDH-mutant GBMs?

A

frontal lobe (same with grade II diffuse astrocytomas)

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29
Q

3rd MC type of glial neoplasm (after GBM and anaplastic astrocytoma)

A

oligodendroglioma

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30
Q

MC and most benign primary choroid plexus tumor

A

choroid plexus papilloma

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31
Q

MCC of overproduction hydrocephalus

A

choroid plexus papilloma

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32
Q

MC mixed glioneural tumor

A

ganglioglioma

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33
Q

MC primary intraventricular neoplasm of young and middle-aged adults

A

central neurocytoma

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34
Q

MC pineal parenchymal tumor

A

pineacytoma

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35
Q

MC extracranial solid cancer in childhood / MC overall cancer in infants

A

secondary/metastatic neuroblastoma

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36
Q

MC manifestation of metastatic neuroblastoma

A

skeletal mets

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37
Q

MC infratentorial site of meningiomas

A

CPA

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38
Q

overall MC benign osteocartilaginous tumor of the skull base

A

chondroma/enchondroma

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39
Q

MC intracranial site of hemangiomas

A

diploic space of the calvaria

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39
Q

MC benign osseous tumor of the calvaria

A

osteoma

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40
Q

MC primary intracranial nonmeningothelial mesenchymal neoplasm, although rare

A

solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma

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41
Q

MC location of solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma

A

occipital region (often straddles the transverse sinus)

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42
Q

2nd MC infratentorial parenchymal mass in adults (after mets)

A

hemangioblastoma

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43
Q

MC ocular motor nerve palsy

A

simple/isolated abducens palsy

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44
Q

MCC of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

A

vestibulochochlear schwannoma

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45
Q

MCC of multiple enhancing CNs

A

mets

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46
Q

MC cerebellopontine cistern mass

A

vestibular schwannoma

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47
Q

MC of all Meckel cave tumors

A

schwannomas

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48
Q

MC jugural foramen schwannoma

A

glossopharyngeal (CN IX

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49
Q

MC of all the pure motor nerve schwannomas

A

CN III (MC location: interpeduncular cistern)

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50
Q

Neuro, Pedia: MC childhood cancer / MC childhood malignancy

A

leukemia (ALL > AML

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51
Q

MC primary bone malignancy

A

multiple myeloma

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52
Q

MC site of extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

axial skeleton

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53
Q

MC intracranial location of extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

subdural space

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54
Q

Pathologic hyperplasia most commonly occurs in response to

A

end-organ failure

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55
Q

MCC of pathologic pituitary hyperplasia

A

primary hypothyroidism

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56
Q

MC etiology of pituitary hyperplasia

A

PRL cell hyperplasia

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57
Q

MC site of ectopic pituitary adenomas

A

sphenoid sinus

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58
Q

MC type of hypophysitis

A

lymphocytic hypophysitis

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59
Q

MC radiation-induced neoplasm

A

meningioma

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60
Q

MC single protein or enzyme deficiency disease to present in childhood

A

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

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61
Q

MC inborn error of amino acid metabolism

A

Phenylketonuria

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62
Q

MC manifestation of acute hypertensive encephalopathy

A

PRES

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63
Q

MC overall cause of PRES

A

preeclampsia

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64
Q

MC location for an ectopic thyroid

A

central tongue base

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65
Q

Most commonly affected site in mesial temporal sclerosis

A

hippocampal body > tail > head

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66
Q

Most commonly associated condition / MCC of cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum

A

use and subsequent withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs

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67
Q

Iron accumulation is greatest in the?

A

pars reticulata of the substantia nigra

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68
Q

MC inherited cerebral small vessel disease

A

CADASIL

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69
Q

MC site of obstructing membranes

A

foramina of Luschka

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70
Q

MC mass found at the foramen of Monro

A

colloid cyst

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71
Q

MC tumor that causes intraventricular obstructive hydrocephalus in children

A

medulloblastoma

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72
Q

MC general imaging feature of normal pressure hydroceph

A

ventriculosulcal disproportion

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73
Q

Spontaneous intracranial CSF leaks are most commonly associated with

A

arachnoid granulations in the lateral sphenoid sinus

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74
Q

MC type of Chiari malformation

A

Chiari 1

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75
Q

MC of all congenital brain malformations / MC CNS malformation / Single mc malformation that accompanies other developmental brain anomalies and syndrome

A

anomalies of the cerebral commissures (especially the corpos callosum) / corpus callosum dysgenesis

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76
Q

MC congenital cerebellar malformation

A

Dandy-Walker malformation

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77
Q

MC brain morphologic defects in fetal alcohol syndrome

A

CC agenesis and regional increases in cortical thickness

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78
Q

MC inherited cause of mental retardation in boys

A

fragile X syndrome

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79
Q

MC causes of secondary microcephaly

A

ischemia, infection, maternal diabetes, and trauma

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80
Q

MC and mildest form of primary microcephaly

A

microcephaly with simplified gyral pattern (MSG)

81
Q

MC type of focal cortical dysplasia

A

Type IIb

82
Q

Single mcc of severe early-onset drug-resistant epilepsy in children and young adults

A

focal cortical dysplasias

83
Q

MC location of polymicrogyria

A

bilateral perisylvian

83
Q

MC form of cortical malformation in adults

A

periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH)

84
Q

MC imaging abnormality in infants with CMV infection

A

polymicrogyria

85
Q

Most severe end of the holoprosencephaly continuum

A

aprosencephaly and atelencephaly (AP/AT)

86
Q

Most severe form of holoprosencephaly

A

alobar

87
Q

MC human forebrain malformation / MC anomaly affecting the ventral forebrain

A

holoprosencephaly

88
Q

Only malformation in which the posterior corpus callosum forms while the anterior aspects are absent

A

holoprosencephaly

89
Q

MC CNS tumor predisposition syndromes

A

neurofibromatoses

90
Q

MC CNS neoplasm or glioma in NF1

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

91
Q

MC site of NF1 pilocytic astrocytomas

A

optic pathway

92
Q

MC site of plexiform neurofibromas

A

orbit

93
Q

MC sites of meningiomas in NF2

A

along the falx and cerebral convexities

94
Q

2d MC inherited tumor syndrome (after NF1)

A

tuberous sclerosis complex

94
Q

MC site of subependymal nodules in tuberous sclerosis complex

A

along the caudothalamic groove

95
Q

MC site of hemangioblastomas

A

dorsal half of the cerebellum (2nd: medulla)

96
Q

MC site of supratentorial hemangioblastomas

A

pituitary stalk

97
Q

ainMC location of leptomeningial angioma in Sturge-Weber

A

parietooccipital

97
Q

MC benign tumor of infancy

A

hemangioma

98
Q

MC site of extracutaneous hemangiomas

A

subglottis

99
Q

MC location of atretic cephalocele

A

obelion (along the sagittal suture at the level of the parietal foramina)

100
Q

MC type of cephalocele in SEA

A

frontoethmoida

101
Q

Osborn: MC type of cephalocele in European/North Americal Caucasians / Women’s: MC site of cephaloceles

A

Occipital

102
Q

Osborn: MC single-suture craniosynostosis, MC nonsyndromic craniosynostosis / Resnick: MC pattern of craniosynostosis

A

Osborn: sagittal/scaphocephaly, Resnick: isolated closure of the sagittal suture

103
Q

MC syndromic craniosynostosis

A

bilateral coronal

104
Q

MC of all soft tissue tumors

A

ordinary lipoma

104
Q

MC ectopic site of pituitary adenoma

A

sphenoid sinus

105
Q

MC intradural tumor in the thoracic region

A

meningioma

106
Q

MC intraspinal mass

A

nerve sheath tumors / schwannomas

107
Q

MC pathology involving PNS and nasal cavity

A

Inflammatory disease

108
Q

MC involved in mucus retention cyst

A

Maxillary sinus

109
Q

MC involved in mucocele

A

Frontal sinus

110
Q

Mucosal disease commonly associated with squamous cell ca

A

Inverting papilloma

111
Q

MC malignant lesions of the skull base

A

mets

112
Q

3 MC primary malignant tumors of skullbase

A

chordoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma

113
Q

MC location of chordoma

A

sacrum 50%, clivus 35%, vertebral bodies 15%

114
Q

MC / Preferred site of origion of chondrosarcoma

A

parasellar at petroclival junction (paraclival destructive bony lesion)

115
Q

MC diseases involving temporal bone

A

inflammatory (cholesteatoma)

116
Q

MC site for formation of acquired cholesteatoma

A

pars flaccida (superior portion of TM) - originate within the Prussak space (superior recess of the TM, between scutum and neck of malleus)

117
Q

MC malignant suprahyoid head and neck mass in pediatric age group

A

Lymphoma (Burkitt) or rhabdomyosarcoma

118
Q

MC head and neck malignancy in younger adult (20-40 yrs)

A

Lymphoma

119
Q

MC head and neck malignancy in older adult (>40 yrs)

A

Nodal metastases

120
Q

MC benign lesions arising in mucosal space

A

Tornwaldt cysts and lesions related to minor SG tissue

121
Q

MC benign minor salivary gland neoplasm of the mucosal space

A

Pleomorphic adenoma / benign mixed-cell tumor

122
Q

MC maligant neoplasm of the mucosal space

A

SCC, NHL, minor salivary gland malignancies

123
Q

Principal malignancy of the carotid space

A

squamous cell nodal mets

124
Q

Minor salivary glands are most highly concentrated in?

A

palate

125
Q

MC minor salivary gland malignancy (has marked propensity for perineural spread)

A

adenoid cystic carcinoma

126
Q

MC malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

127
Q

MC variation in vascular anatomy of the neck

A

Asymmetry of IJVs (R usually larger than L)

128
Q

MC lesions in the carotid space

A

paragangliomas/chemodectomas and nerve sheath tumors

129
Q

MC lesions of the jugular foramen

A

paragangliomas

130
Q

MC parotid tumors

A

pleomorphic adenoma (2nd MC: Warthin tumor)

131
Q

MCC of masses of the mastricator space

A

infectious (dental caries or dental extraction)

132
Q

MCC of pathlogies in prevertebral space

A

cervical vertebral bodies

133
Q

MC optic nerve sheath complex lesions

A

optic nerve glioma and optic sheath meningioma

134
Q

MC tumor of the optic nerve

A

Optic nerve glioma

135
Q

MCC of intraorbital mass lesion in adults

A

pseudotumor; 2nd cavernous hemangioma, 3rd lymphoma

136
Q

MCC of proptosis in adults

A

Thyroid ophthalmopathy

137
Q

MC primary ocular malignancy in pedia

A

Retinoblastoma

138
Q

MC malignant lesion in pediatric age group

A

Lymphoma, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma

139
Q

MC midline neck mass

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

140
Q

MC location of thyroglossal duct cysts

A

(midline) at or below the level of the hyoid bone in the region of the thyrohyoid membrane

141
Q

MC type of laryngoceles

A

mixed

142
Q

MC site of origin of brancial abnormalities

A

2nd branchial cleft

143
Q

MC thyroid nodule

A

Adenomatous nodules (colloid nodules)

144
Q

MC benign neoplasm of the thyroid

A

Follicular adenoma

145
Q

MCC of hypothyroidism and goiter in adults in the US

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

146
Q

MCC of hyperthyroidism

A

Graves disease

147
Q

MCC of renal scarring in children

A

pyelonephritis

148
Q

MC urachal tumor

A

adenocarcinoma

149
Q

MCC of a scrotal mass in children

A

congenital hydrocele

150
Q

MCC of hydrocele

A

idiopathic/unknown

151
Q

MC metastatic tumors to involve the testes in children

A

leukemia and lymphoma

152
Q

MC abdominal masses in infants and children

A

enlarged kidneys due to hydronephrosis or cystic renal disease

153
Q

MC renal neoplasm of childhood

A

Wilms tumor

154
Q

MC renal tumor of the neonate

A

mesoblastic nephroma

155
Q

MC form of unilateral renal dysplasia

A

multicystic dysplastic kidney

156
Q

MC fluid collections

A

lymphoceles (usually after transplantation)

157
Q

MC neoplastic disorder in pediatric transplant recipients

A

PTLD

158
Q

MC bladder neoplasm in children in the 1st 2 decades of life / MC and most important neoplasm of the lower GUT

A

rhabdomyosarcoma (MC form: embryonal form)

159
Q

Probably the MC benign neoplasm of the bladder

A

hemangioma

160
Q

MC urachal anomaly

A

patent urachus

161
Q

MC location of congenital strictures

A

bulbar

161
Q

MC extra-adrenal mass

A

intra-abdominal pulmonary sequestration

162
Q

MC location of ganglioneuromas

A

posterior mediastinum > extra-adrenal retroperitoneum > adrenal

163
Q

MC abdominal locations of pheochromocytoma

A

vicinity of the renal vessels and at the organ of Zuckerkandle, near the origin of the IMA

164
Q

MC findings after scrotal injury

A

hematomas and hematoceles

165
Q

MC mullerian duct remnant to undergo torsion

A

appendix testis

166
Q

MC paratesticular tumor

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

167
Q

MC pediatric genital neoplasm of both sexes

A

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

168
Q

MC aberration of the human sex chromosome

A

Klinefelter

169
Q

MC causes of GI tract obstruction in 0-1 month old patients

A

congenital anomalies (atresia/stenosis, malrotation/volvulus, Hirschsprung disease), meconium plug/small left colon syndrome, meconium ileus

170
Q

MC causes of GI tract obstruction in 1-5 month old patients

A

hernias

171
Q

MC causes of GI tract obstruction in 5 month to 3 year old patients

A

intussusception

172
Q

MC causes of GI tract obstruction in patients 3 years and older

A

perforated apendicitis, adhesions, regional enteritis

173
Q

MCC of small bowel obstruction in children

A

intussusception (2nd to pyloric stenosis as a cause of GIT obstruction in children)

174
Q

MCC of ileocolic intussusception

A

idiopathic

175
Q

MC focal lead point in intussuception

A

Meckel diverticulum (in older children, lymphoma is more likely)

175
Q

Diffuse leasd points are most commonly associated with?

A

cystic fibrosis or HSP

176
Q

MC congenital obstructon of the esophagus

A

esophageal atresia

177
Q

MC site of peptic esophageal strictures

A

distal third

178
Q

MC site of esophageal atresia

A

upper third

179
Q

MC type of esophageal atresia

A

with a fistula extending obliquely from the trachea just above the carina to the DISTAL esophageal pouch (Type 1)

180
Q

MC complication of esophageal atresia repair

A

anastomotic stricture

181
Q

least common site of congenital obstructing lesions in the GIT

A

stomach

182
Q

MC site of gastric atresia

A

pylorus

183
Q

MC site of most proximal GI obstruction

A

mid portion of the duodenum

183
Q

MC acquired cause of duodenal obstruction

A

duodenal hematoma

184
Q

MC causes of distal small bowel obstruction in the neonate

A

ileal atresia and meconium ileus

185
Q

MC / primary site of regional enteritis (Crohn disease) in children

A

terminal ileum

186
Q

Most frequently affected segment in both pediatric and adult patients with UPPER tract Crohn disease

A

duodenum

187
Q

MC location of strictures as a complication of NEC

A

colon

188
Q

MC causes of cholelithiasis in children

A

sickle-cell disease, congenital obstructive anomalies of the biliary tract, total parenteral nutrition, furosemide, dehydration, hemolytic anemia, and short gut syndrome

189
Q

MC variant of the pancreas

A

pancreas divisum

190
Q

MC cystic lesion of the pancreas

A

pseudocyst

191
Q

MCC of rectal bleeding in older children

A

juvenile inflammatory polyps

192
Q

MC locations of juvenile inflammatory polyps

A

sigmoid and rectum

193
Q

MC type of choledochal cyst

A

Type 1 - localized, fusiform, or saccular dilation of the CBD below the cystic duct

194
Q

MC benign liver tumor encountered in infancy

A

hemangioendothelioma

195
Q
A

PBR 2 and 3 (41 decks)

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