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PBR 2 and 3 > Page 29 > Flashcards

Page 29 Flashcards

1
Q

How is LA enlargement best confirmed?

A

measuring the distance from the midinferior border of the left mainstem bronchus to the right
lateral border of the LA density (enlarged if >7cm)

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2
Q

How far should the right atrial bulge be from the midline for it to be prominent?

A

5.5 cm

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2
Q

Which between syphilis and Marfan syndrome should you consider in a calcific ascending aortic aneurysm?

A

syphilis - calcific; Marfan syndrome - not calcific

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3
Q

(Measurement of a dilated azygos vein)

A

> 6 mm on PA, >1 cm on AP

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4
Q

Mitral calcification is best seen in what view?

A

lateral radiograph

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4
Q

Aortic valve calcification is best seen on what view?

A

lateral or right anterior oblique radiograph

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5
Q

What is the earliest radiographic sign of CHF and pulmonary venous hypertension?

A

Cephalization

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6
Q

Normal ratio of the vessel caliber in the lower lobes and upper lobes

A

3:2

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6
Q

Which side are pleural effusion and alveolar edema more pronounced in CHF?

A

Right

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6
Q

What term is used when right heart failure is the result of a pulmonary disease?

A

cor pulmonale

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7
Q

What are the signs that commonly accompany reversed flow distribution?

A

hilar fullness, Viking helmet sign in the hila, filling out of the right hilar angle

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8
Q

Normal amount of serous fluid in the pericardial space?

A

20 mL (>50 mL - clearly abnormal) (15-35 mL sa 5th ed)

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8
Q

Amount of pericardial fluid required for detection by plain film radiography

A

200 mL

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8
Q

Measurement of pericardial stripe indicative of pericardial thickening or effusion

A

> 2-3 mm (>3 mm pag CT tapos >4 mm pag MRI)

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9
Q

Sequence for best anatomic depiction

A

spin-echo T1 (moving blood produces signal void or black blood appearance)

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9
Q

sesFatty infiltration of the ANTERIOR RV-free wall on MR is essentially diagnostic of?

A

Uhl anomaly

10
Q

The combination of supravalvular aortic stenosis, peripheral pulmonary stenosis, and valvular or subvalvular aortic stenosis can be seen in what syndrome?

A

Marfan syndrome or Williams syndrome

10
Q

Intra-atrial thrombi are usually associated with what kind of arrhythmia?

A

AF, often secondary to RHD

11
Q

What cardiac diseases are usually associated with LA thrombus? LV thrombus?

A

LA - AF, usually secondary to RHD; LV - recent infarction or ventricular aneurysm

11
Q

How can we differentiate tumor versus clot?

A

MRI: GRE - clot-low signal, tumor-intermediate signal; Gd - clot will not enhance but tumors will

11
Q

Etiologies of ascending aortic aneurysms

A

cystic medial necrosis/degeneration, Marfan, Ehler-Danlos, and syphilitic

11
Q

What benign tumor is frequently found in tuberous sclerosis (50-85%)?

A

rhabdomyoma

11
Q

Often the etiology of arch arch and descending thoracic aortic aneurysms

A

atherosclerosis

11
Q

Although mycotic aneurysms may occur anywhere along the course of the thoracic aorta, which portion is it more commonly associated?

A

ascending

12
Q

Between ascending and descending aortic aneurysms, which has a greater growth rate?

A

descending

12
Q

Typical course of false lumen

A

on the right in the arch (disrupting the right coronary artery) then superior aspect of the arch then
left distally (involving the left renal artery)

12
Q

DeBakey classification

A

Type 1 - proximal aorta down to descending
Type 2 - ascending only
Type 3 - descending only

12
Q

Stanford classification

A

Type A - involves ascending
Type B - does not involve ascending

13
Q

4 types of endoleaks

A

Type 1 - leak at superior or inferior attachment site
Type 2 - AAA filling via a patient arterial side branch such as a lumbar or IMA
Type 3 - loss of integrity of stent graft
Type 4 - leak through the porous graft material

13
Q

Differential diagnosis of microaneurysms

A

polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener, SLE, rheumatoid vasculitis, and drug abuse

13
Q

Where is Meckel diverticulum found?

A

antimesenteric border in the distal ileum

PBR 2 and 3 (41 decks)

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