Head And Neck Flashcards
This benign nasal mass is typically located along the lateral nasal wall centered at the MIDDLE MEATUS and spreads to the adjacent sinuses (typically the maxillary sinus). On contrast enhancement, it appears as a CONVOLUTED, CEREBRIFORM appearance.
Inverted papilloma
This benign nasal mass is typically centered in the SPHENOPALATINE FORAMEN and may extend into the retromaxillary PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA (90%), nasal cavity, and nasopharynx. It may cause BOWING of the posterior wall of the maxillary antrum and exhibits INTENSE enhancement. This is commonly seen in ADOLESCENT MALES presenting with EPISTAXIS. (Harnsberger page 745)
Juvenile Angiofibroma
Which structure drains into the INFERIOR MEATUS?
Nasolacrimal duct
This malignant mass (commonly seen in 40-60 YEARS of age) typically arises from the nasopharynx at the FOSSA OF ROSENMULLER. CERVICAL LYMPHADENOPATHY is usually present at levels II, V, and the retropharyngeal space. It may cause BONE DESTRUCTION of the clivus/pterygoids. It is associated with EBV infection: (Harnsberger page 484)
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Common diagnosis of malignancy in the ORAL CAVITY (tongue, base of the tongue, retromolar trigone, buccal, etc.), PHARYNX, LARYNX, and UPPER AIRWAY. (Harnsberger page 476
Squamous cell CA
This deep neck space serves as a potential CONDUIT FROM THE PHARYNX TO THE MEDIASTINUM such that abscesses of the neck can extend to the thorax. Thus, it can be called the DANGER SPACE. This deep neck space is called the: (Brant page 254)
Retropharyngeal space
This benign parotid gland tumor is homogeneously enhancing if it is small and heterogeneously enhancing if it is large. It assumes a PEAR-shaped mass if it arises from the deep lobe. On CT, it may have CALCIFICATIONS. On MRI, it has a T2W BRIGHT signal. If this mass is left for a long time, it can become CANCEROUS. This is the MOST COMMON tumor in the parotid gland (Harnsberger page 89):
Pleomorphic Adenoma
This malignant parotid gland tumor is commonly located in the SUPERFICIAL LOBE with ADENOPATHY at level II. This also has MUCOUS CYSTIC components. This is also the MOST COMMON malignancy of the parotid gland. (Harnsberger page 99)
Mucoepidermoid CA
This malignant parotid gland tumor is commonly HOMOGENEOUS and tends to have PERINEURAL spread to the CN VII. This is also the 2nd MOST COMMON malignancy of the parotid gland. (Harnsberger page 103)
Adenoidcystic Ca
This skull base foramen transmits CN V3:
Foramen Ovale
This skull base foramen transmits the middle meningeal artery:
Foramen spinosum
In THYROID OPTHALMOPATHY, which extraocular muscle tends to be the first one to exhibit enlargement of the muscle belly with tendon sparing? (Harnsberger page 823)
Inferior rectus muscle
I - inferior Rectus
M iddle Rectus
S uperior Rectus
L ateral Rectus
O blique Muscles
This is the most common intraocular malignancy in CHILDREN (usually less <5 years of age). It typically enhances and contains CALCIFICATIONS. (Harnsberger page 847)
Retinoblastoma
Most common tumor of the optic nerve usually in the first decade of life. It usually has a BILATERAL involvement with enlarged sheaths with KINKING of the nerve. It is associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS-1. (Brant page 258
Optic Nerve Glioma
Most common cause of intraorbital mass lesion in the adult population with PAINFUL proptosis presenting as T2W hypointensity of the lesion. (Brant page 260)
Pseudotumor
This lesion arises from the remnants of the primitive notochord and presents as a DESTRUCTIVE EXPANSILE MIDLINE mass centered in the CLIVUS which may indent on the PONS. On MRI, it is classically HIGH T2W signal. (Harnsberger page 875)
Chordoma
Cystic neck mass ANTERIOR TO THE SCM and posterior to the submandibular gland. If it is infected, there is wall enhancement on both CT and MRI. (Harnsberger page 603)
2nd Branchial Cleft Cyst
Most common childhood soft tissue malignancy in the head and neck region: (Harnsberger page 624)
Rhabdomyosarcoma
CT angiogram of the neck shows an AVIDLY ENHANCING mass with SPLAYING of the internal and external carotid arteries. MRI showed “SALT AND PEPPER” appearance of the lesion. What is your diagnosis? (Harnsberger page 141)
Carotid body paraganglioma
Most common fracture of the facial bones? (Brant page 68)
Nasal bone fractures
Orbital fractures
This is the 2nd most common facial fracture composed of a lateral orbital wall fracture, orbital floor fracture, maxillary wall fracture, and zygomatic arch fracture. (Harnsberger page 987)
Tripod/Tetrapod/Trimalar fractures
Most common location of mandibular fractures? (Harnsberger page 993)
Condyle
Temporal bone fracture which commonly VIOLATES THE OTIC CAPSULE. It usually is associated with CSF LEAK and PNEUMOLABYRINTH. (Harnsberger page 969)
Transverse temporal bone fracture
None of the above
Soft tissue mass arising from the Prussak Space with associated EROSION OF THE SCUTUM and OSSICLES. (Harnsberger page 1051)
Pars Flaccida Cholesteatoma
T1W and T2W BRIGHT SIGNALS arising from the middle ear with expansile bony changes. (Harnsberger page 1055)
Cholesterol Granuloma
Apart from a butterfly glioma, this neoplastic process may demonstrate bihemispheric spread through the corpus callosum with involvement of both frontal lobes. (Brant, page 113
CNS Lymphoma
Patient presents with neck pain and hyperthyroidism. She recalls a recent history of upper respiratory tract infection. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Subacute viral thyroiditis
Which of the following statement regarding thyroid nodules is not true?
Punctate echogenic foci are closely associated with medullary carcinoma.
Which of the following is considered lethal thyroid carcinoma with a five-year survival rate of less than 4%?
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
The following is/are the most common primary tumor/s to metastasize to the thyroid gland?
Lung
Breast
Kidney
Which of the following is not true regarding chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis?
An autoimmune disease that affects primarily elderly men
Which of the following is not true regarding parathyroid pathologies?
Primary hyperparathyroidism affects women 2 to 3 times more often than men.
Cystic degeneration or calcification is the most common feature of parathyroid adenomas.
Parathyroid hyperplasia affects all the parathyroid glands, but the degree of enlargement is frequently asymmetric.
Ectopic parathyroids are best localized by radionuclide imaging
Cystic degeneration or calcification is the most common feature of parathyroid adenomas.
Solitary brain metastasis is most likely from this primary carcinoma
Melanoma
Breast
Lung
Mucus retention cysts most commonly involves this sinus
Maxillary sinus
Which of the paranasal sinuses is the first to form?
Maxillary
The anterior fontanelle remains open until about what age
24 months
Which of the following is not true regarding meningitis?
Staphylococcus aureus, E coli, and group B strep are the most common causative agent.
Occurs as a result of hematogeneous spread of bacteria from the respiratory infections.
Bacteria in the subarachnoid space cause inflammation of the pia and arachnoid.
None of the above.
Staphylococcus aureus, E coli, and group B strep are the most common causative agent
Which of the following is not correct?
Grade 2: Small hemorrhage with extension into lateral ventricles.
Grade 3: Large hemorrhage that fills and dilates the ventricles with blood.
Grade 4: Intraparenchymal hemorrhage.
Grade 5: Venous infarction caused by obstruction of the medullary veins
Grade 5: Venous infarction caused by obstruction of the medullary veins
jugular chain.
What is the most common cause of an intraorbital mass lesion in the adult population
Idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor
In thyroid ophthalpathy, muscles involved, in decreasing order of frequency are:
inferior rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, and lateral rectus
In the pediatric age group, what is the most common primary ocular malignancy?
Retinoblastoma
Which of the following is correct
Coats’ disease and ocular toxocariasis are almost always unilateral.
Retinopathy of prematurity may be bilateral.
This lesion tends to present with painless proptosis:
Lymphoma
What is the most common midline neck mass in young patients?
Thyroglossal Duct Cysts
The second most common benign salivary gland tumor
Warthin’s tumor
Most common malignancy of the nasopharynx
Squamous cell carcinoma
