Most Common Page 5 Flashcards
MC childhood tumor to metastasize to the liver
neuroblastoma (followed by lymphoma, leukemua, and Wilm’s tumor)
MC causes of splenomegaly in the newborn and young infant
bacterial sepsis and infection
MC endocrine tumor
benign islet cell adenoma (insulinoma
MC malignant tumor of the small intestine
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
MC colon lesions
inflammatory polyps or polyps associated with one of the colonic polyposis syndromes
MCC of pneumoperitoneum in the NICU
necrotizing enterocolitis
MCC of secondary peritonitis in children
perforated appendix
m MC type of peritoneal TB
wet type
MCC of peritoneal calcification in the neonate
meconium peritonitis
MC type of vasculolymphatic malformation to affect the peritoneal cavity and mesentery
lymphatic malformations (formerly known as lymphangiomas)
MCC of pseydomyxoma peritonei
rupture of appendiceal mucinous adenoma
MC anterior abdominal wall defect
gastroschisis (2nd MC: omphalocele)
MC sites of primary malignant mesenchymoma
retroperitoneum or thigh
MC complication of a choledochal cyst
ascending cholangitis
MCC of neonatal cholestasis, primary indication for pediatric liver transplantation
biliary atresia
MCC of pancreatitis (in children)
idiopathic or posttraumatic
MCC of chronic liver disease in pediatric patients
hepatic steatosis
MC site of duplications after the ileum
esophagus
MC neurologic abnormality resulting to swallowing disorders in infants and children
cerebral palsy
MC location where coins typically lodge
thoracic inlet
MCC of food bolus impaction in children
eosinophilic esophagitis
MC finding of eosinophlic esophagitis
normal
2nd MC GI manifestation of CMV infection after colitis
esophagitis
Most commonly ingested foreign body
coins
MC location of congenital gastric diverticula
posterior wall
MC heterotopia in the GIT
ectopic pancreas
MC surgical entity affecting infants during the 1st 6 months of life
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS)
MC antropyloric abnormality mimicking HPS on an UGIS
pylorospasm
MC location of gastric perforations
high in the stomach along the greater curvature
3 MC bezoar types
trichobezoars, phytobezoars, lactobezoars
MC smooth muscle neoplasm arising in the GIT (but very rare outside of the esophagus
nd rectosigmoid) polypoid leiomyomas
MC gastric tumors in children
polyps
MC associated neoplasm in Meckel’s diverticulum
carcinoids
MC presentation of Meckel diverticulum
painless rectal bleeding
MC location of lymphatic malformations in the mesentery
ileal mesentery
MCC of duodenal injury
non-accidental trauma
MC finding in an acute duodenal ulcer
contrast within an ulcer crater
MCly associated systemic abnormality in patients w/ duodenal adenomatous polyps
FAP
MC abnormality on barium studies in patients with HIV enteropathy
nonspecific edema
MC extraintestinal condition of Crohn disease in the pediatric population
arthritis
MC abdominal radiograph finding in patients with IBD
absence of stool in the involved portions of the colon
Most commonly affected GI segment in patients with Behcet syndrome
ileocecal area
MCC of intestinal malabsorption in childhood
celiac disease (aka nontropical sprue / gluten enteropathy)
MC vasculitis of childhood (2-6 yo)
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Most commonly involved location of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
small bowel (exception siya sa mga polyposis syndromes kasi in general, colon iyong primary site of involvement
MC location of Burkitt lymphoma
terminal ileum (high concentration of lymphatic nodal tissue)
MC subtye of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs in children
Burkitt lymphoma
MC cardiovascular abnormalities in anorectal malformation
ASD and PDA, followed by TOF and VSD
Hirschsprung diease is most commonly associated with?
Down syndrome
MC newborn surgical emergency
NEC
MC underlying malignancies in pediatric patients with neutropenic colitis
ALL and AML
MC site of neutropenic colitis
cecum (hence, typhlitis)
MC area to twist in colonic volvulus in children
cecum (in adults, sigmoid colon)
MC neoplasm of the colon
juvenile polyps
MC intestinal tumors in childhood
isolated juvenile or hamartomatous polyp
MC location of juvenile or hamartomatous polyps
sigmoid colon and rectum
MC of the hamartomatous syndromes
juvenile polyposis syndrome
MC subtype in sporadic cases of pediatric colon cancer
mucinous ca
MC site of carcinoid tumor involving the GIT
appendix
MC type of interrupted aortic arch
type B (between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries)
MC CHD in NF1
pulmonary stenosis
2nd MC genetic anomaly associated with CHD after Down syndrome
Noonan syndrome
Pneumopericardium is most often seen in?
premature infants who undergo positive pressure ventilation
MCC of cardiomegaly in an acyanotic patient with increased pulmonary vascularity
VSD
MC identifiable causes of pericardial effusion in children
infectious and iatrogenic
MC cardiac malformation in fetal alcohol exposure
VSD
MCC of congenital aortic stenosis
bicuspid aortic valve
MC risk factor for pulmonary embolism in children
catheter thrombosis
MC bacterial infection presenting as multiple bilateral alveolar opacities (same din sa adults)
adults) staphylococcal
MCC of lobar pneumonia throughout childhood (same sa adults)
Strep pneumoniae
MCC of acute peribronchial opacities
viral respiratory infections
MC associated CHD in the presence of congenital lung hypoplasia
TOF or persistent truncus arteriosus
MCC of bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia
compression of the lungs during fetal development
MCC of intrathoracic compression of the fetal lungs
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
MCC of extrathoracic compression of the fetal lungs
oligohydramnios
MCC of bilateral overaeration of the lungs
airway obstruction
MCC of widespread obstruction of the peripheral airway which is a common cause of obstructive emphysema
viral bronchitis and bronchiolitis or asthma
MCC of obstructive emphysema in older infants and children
endobronchial foreign body or mucous plug
Mucous plugs occur most commonly in
asthmatics and children with viral LRTI (see above, similar lang)
Unilateral pleural effusions are most commonly associated with
pneumonia
MCC of massive pleural effusion in the neonate / MCC of congenital hydrothorax
chylothorax
MC pulmonary “mass” in children
pseudomass caused by a spherical pnueumonia
MC true lung masses
postinflammatory granulomas (TB or fungal)
MC malignant neoplasm in the lung during childhood whether single or multiple
metastasis
MC childhood tumors to metastasize to the lungs
Wilms tumor, Ewing sarcoma, osteosarc, rhabdomyosarc
MC tumors with pulmonary metastasis in children
osteogenic sarcoma, Wilms tumor
MC site of metastatic disease in children with Wilms tumor
lung
MCC of an apparent anterior mediastinal mass
thymus gland
MC middle mediastinal mass
lymphadenopathy
MC malignancies to involve the chest wall in children
Ewing sarcoma and Askin tumor
2nd MC primary malignancy that occurs in the chest wall in children
rhabdomyosarcoma
MCC of symptomatic partial upper airway obstruction in INFANTS
laryngomalacia
MCC of upper airway obstruction in children from 6 mo to 3 yrs of age
croup / laryngotracheobronchitis
MC benign neoplasm to affect the larynx in children
recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
MC primary neoplasm affecting the subglottic trachea
hemangioma
MC type of tracheal agenesis
Type 2
MC malignant lower large airway primary neoplasm
carcinoid tumor
Most commonly affected segmental bronchus in bronchial atresia
apicoposterior segmental bronchus of the LUL
MCC of pulmonary infections in infants and young children
RSV (2nd mcc: human metapneumovirus/HMV)
MCC of bacterial pneumonia
Strep pneumoniae
MC primary benign pulmonary neoplasm (although rare in children)
hamartoma
MC tumorlike abnormality in the lungs of children
plasma cell granuloma
MC primary lung malignancies in children
pleuropulmonary blastoma and carcinoid tumor
MC bronchogenic ca in children
adenoca
MC genetic disorder causing chronic pulmonary disease in children
cystic fibrosis
MC findings in the chest in the case of collagen vascular diseases
pleural and pericardial effusions
MCC of acquired extensive cystic lung disease in children
LCH
MC drugs associated with pulmonary toxicity
chemotherapeutic agents
MCC of accidental death in children
MVA then drowning
Diffuse pulmonary calcifications are most commonly seen after
varicella infection
MC location of chest masses in the pediatric population
mediastinum
MC location of thymic cyst
lateral infrahyoid neck
MC type of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
lymphoblastic or T cell
MC subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma
nodular sclerosing
Least differentiated (hence most malignant) and MC of the tumors arising from the sympathetic chain
neuroblastoma
Most commonly affected bone of the chest wall in TB infections
rib
MC tumor of childhood
infantile hemangioma
MC chromosomal abnormality that is associated with a Morgagni hernia
Down syndrome
MC tumor found in the diaphragm
rhabdomyosarcoma
MC neural tube defect
meningomyeloceles (associated with Chiari 2 malformation)
MC MRS findings in neonates with neurologic and developmental abnormalities
elevated lactate and diminished NAA
MC type of vein of Galen
choroidal type with innumerous connections
MC imaging finding in persons with meningitis
ventricular enlargement (resulting from impaired CSF absorption by fibrinous inflammatory exudate)
MC imaging findings in the neonate with candida
multiple microabscesses within the subcortical and periventricular regions and basal ganglia
MC commisural malformation
callosohippocampal agenesis
MCC of macrocephaly in infants
benign extraaxial collections of infancy / BESS / benign external hydrocephalus / benign macrocrania / benign subdural effusion of infancy
Most commonly involved locations in MELAS syndrome
basal ganglia and parietal and occipital lobes
MC form of pediatric CNS infection
bacterial meningitis
MC causative organisms of bacterial meningitis in infants older than 1 mo
HIB, Strep pneumonia
MC solid pediatric tumors
brain tumors
Most commonly used parameter in evaluation of brain tumors
CBV
Most commonly involved vessels in sickle cell disease
proximal MCA or distal ICA branches
2 MCC of intractable focal epilepsy
malformations of cortical development and brain tumors (hippocampal sclerosis is
less common in children compared with adults)
Most commonly involved bones in skull fractures
parietal and occipital bones (followed by frontal and temporal bones)
Most commonly involved bone in basilar fractures
temporal bone
MC location of traumatic SAH
posterior interhemispheric fissure and along the tentorium
MCC of extracranial carotid artery injury in children
intraoral trauma
MC vertebral anomalies seen with OEIS (omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus- spinal defects) and VACTERL
spinal defects) and VACTERL hemivertebrae or butterfly vertebrae
MC site of intradural lipomas
cervicothoracic or thoracic
MC site of transverse myelitis
midthoracic spine
MC site of simple posterior meningocele
thoracic spine
MC site of neurenteric cyst
thoracic
MC site of discitis and osteomyelitis
midlumbar spine
MC site of split cord malformation
lumbar
MC reason for newborn spinal US imaging
simple coccygeal pimples
Perhaps the MC entity within the caudal cell mass dysplasia spectrum
tethered cord syndrome
MC parasitic infection within the spinal cord
cysticercosis
MC etiologic organism in discitis and osteomyelitis
Staphylococcal aureus
Most commonly affected bones in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis
metaphyses of long bones and the medial clavicles
MCC of acute motor paralysis in children
GBS or acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
What segment of the spinal cord is spinal MS predominant?
cervical
MC location of intramedullary tumors
cervicothoracic
MC site of CSF mets
distal thecal sac (most dependent?)
MC AVM in the pediatric population
glomus spinal cord fast-flow AVM
MC locations of gangliogliomas
temporomesial (50%) or temporolateral (29%)
Physiologic periosteal new bone (infants 1-4 mos) is MC in the?
tibia, femur, and humeral diaphysis
MC site of local cortical thickening
deltoid insertion at the lateral aspect of the humeral diaphysis
MC spinal anomaly in the fetus
dysraphism of posterior elements in a neural tube defect
MC fetal MSK tumor
sacral teratoma
MC tumor in the newborn infant
sacrococcygeal teratoma
MC hemimelia / MC congenital anomaly of the fibula
fibular hemimelia
MC fusions in tarsal coalition
talocalcaneal and calcaneonavicular
MC carpal fusion
lunate and triquetrum
Most commonly identified congenital abnormality of the elbow
congenital radial head dislocation (posterior - MC)
MC direction of radial head dislocation (in general)
anterior
MC serious complication of hip reduction
epiphyseal osteonecrosis
MCC chronic MSK pain in youths / MC chronic musculoskeletal disease of childhood
juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
Most frequently affected joint in JIA
knee > ankle
MCC of childhood pain
transient synovitis
Most frequently affected in juvenile dermatomyositis
muscles of the scapular and pelvic girdles
MC location for hematogenous osteomyelitis
about the knee - distal femur, proximal tibia
MC location for direct inoculation osteomyelitis
foot / calcaneus
MC fibrous tumor of infancy
infantile myofibromatosis
MC locations of rhabdomyosarcoma
H&N and GUT
MC malignancy associated with NF1
malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
MC pediatric bone tumor
osteochondroma
MCC of insufficient bone matrix (osteoid) formation
osteogenesis imperfecta
MC and most well-recognized finding of hypervitaminosis A
long bone hyperostosis
MC form of heavy metal poisoning
lead poisoning
Most prevalent heritable lysosomal storage disorder
Gaucher disease
MC radiographic abnormality of Gaucher disease
Erlenmeyer flask deformity
MC finding in leukemia
osteopenia
MC site of buckle fractures in children
distal radius
MC Salter Harris fracture type
type II
Most frequently fractured carpal bone
scaphoid > triquetrum
MC metacarpal fracture in adolescents
fifth metacarpal (boxer’s fracture)
MC hip disorder affecting the adolescent population
slipped capital femoral epiphysis (Salter Harris I)
MC sites for apophyseal avulsion injuries
pelvis and knee
MC location of osteochondritis dissecans
knee (lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle - MC)
MC location of osteochondritis dissecans in the elbow
capitellum
MC site of symphalangism
5th ray of the hand and foot
MC pathologic cause of amenorrhea
PCOS
MC epithelial cell ovarian neoplasm
cystadenoma
MC stromal/mesenchymal origin ovarian tumor
granulosa/theca cell tumor
MC group of malignant ovarian tumours
GCTs
MC malignant ovarian tumours / 2nd MC pediatric ovarian neoplasm
dysgerminoma
MCC of abnormal sex differentiation in females
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
MC benign cystic lesion in the phalanges
enchondroma
Probably the mc bone lesion encountered by radiologists
non-ossiying fibroma, aka fibroxanthoma, fibrous cortical defect
s MC primary malignant bone tumor
Osteosarcoma
MC fracture that is associated with a perilunate dislocation
transscaphoid fracture
MC carpal bone with avascular necrosis
lunate
Spondylolisthesis associated with bilateral defects of the pars interarticularis occurs most frequently at this level
L5-S1
Degenerative spondylolisthesis secondary to facet OA occurs at __ in 90% of cases
L4-L5
Most common site of dislocation in children
Elbow joint
Most commonly fractured of all the long tubular bones
Tibia
MC locations of chondrocalcinosis in CPPD
medial and lateral compartments of the knee, TFCC, symphysis pubis
MC locations of osteochondritis dissecans
medial epicondyle of the knee > dome of the talus > capitellum of the elbow
