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PBR 2 and 3 > Page 17 > Flashcards

Page 17 Flashcards

1
Q

2016 MAGNIMS recommended modification:

A

Dissemination in space - >or= 3 periventricular lesions, add optic nerve as additional
location, make juxtacortical to cortical/juxtacortical Dissemination in time - no changes needed, nonenhancing black holes not useful in adults but may help distinguish MS from ADEM in children

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2
Q

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) virtually always occurs in the setting of what disease?

A

tuberous sclerosis

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3
Q

What are the 3 inherited cancer syndromes that demonstrate an enhanced propensity to develop IDH-wild-type GBMs?

A

NF1, Li-Fraumeni, and Turcot syndrome

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4
Q

What brain structure is also called the hypophysis cerebri?

A

pineal gland

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5
Q

What is the rarest, most malignant of all intracranial GCTs?

A

primary intracranial choriocarcinoma

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6
Q

Imaging triad that is present in most anaplastic meningiomas

A

extracranial mass, osteolysis, mushrooming intracranial tumor

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6
Q

*What brain tumor commonly presents with foraminal / lateral extension into the CPA?

A

ependymoma

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7
Q

Most important site for CSF turnover

A

dura mater aka pachymeninx

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7
Q

Only established environemental risk factor for meningioma

A

radiation

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8
Q

Where do chondrosarcomas classically arise from?

A

petrooccipital fissure

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9
Q

What pathology causes a pupil-involving third nerve palsy?

A

PCoA aneurysm - located in close proximity to the cisternal segment of the nerve
(pupilloconstrictor fibers of the nerve are located peripherally along its superolateral aspect)

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10
Q

Which CN is especially vulnerable to injury during closed head trauma because of the long course of its cisternal segment and its proximity to the tentorium?

A

CN IV (symptom: torticollis/wry neck/head tilt)

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11
Q

What pathology causes a pupil-sparing third nerve palsy?

A

microvascular infarction of the core of the nerve

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11
Q

Which CN is vulnerable to apical petrocitis as well as increased ICP?

A

CN VI

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12
Q

CN VII exits through what foramen?

A

stylomastoid foramen

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13
Q

Which of the four nerves within the IAC is the most anterosuperior?

A

CN VII (“7 up, coke down” tapos sa likod iyong superior and inferior vestibular nerves)

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14
Q

Which of the four nerves within the IAC is the most anterosuperior?

A

CN VII (“7 up, coke down” tapos sa likod iyong superior and inferior vestibular nerves)

15
Q

Which is the only CN with segments that may exhibit some enhancement?

A

CN VII

16
Q

Which of the segments of the INFRATEMPORAL facial nerve is not surrounded by a robust vascular plexus?

A

a robust vascular plexus?
labyrinthine segment (therefore, kung nag-enhance baka always abnormal?)

16
Q

Which of the infratemporal facial nerve branches is affected first in the invasion of malignant parotid tumors through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

chorda tympani (kasi most distal; taste anterior 2/3) -> stapedius nerve (hyperacusis) - > greater superficial petrosal nerve (parasympathetic lacrimal gland)

16
Q

What bony bar separates the superior and inferior vestibular nerves?

A

falciform (transverse) crest

16
Q

In the coronal plane of the jugular tubercle and basiocciput, what structure represents the “eagle’s head”?

A

jugular tubercle

17
Q

In the coronal plane of the jugular tubercle and basiocciput, what foramen/canal
lies superolateral to the “eagle’s head and beak”?

A

jugular foramen

17
Q

In the coronal plane of the jugular tubercle and basiocciput, what foramen/canal
lies under the “eagle’s head and beak” / at the “neck” between the “beak” above and “body” below?

A

hypoglossal canal

18
Q

Which of the 3 CNs that exit through the jugular foramen lies in the pars nervosa
(anterior part)?

A

(anterior part)? CN IX (CN X and XI lies in the pars vascularis/posterior part)

18
Q

What are the 3 compartments involved in a 3-component trigeminal schwannoma?

A

Meckel cave, posterior fossa through the porus trigeminus, and masticator space through the foramen ovale

19
Q

Osseous mets are relatively rare in children except in what malignancy?

A

Neuroblastoma

20
Q

Upper normal limit of pituitary height

A

6 mm - prepubescent children
8 mm - men and postmenopausal women
10 mm - puberty and young menstruating
12-14 - pregnant and postpartum lactating

20
Q

What is the rule of ninety in adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas?

A

90% mixed cystic/solid, 90% calcified, and 90% enhance

21
Q

The only one of the nonadenomatous tumors that can present as a purely
intrasellar mass

A

pituicytoma

22
Q

nd brain Obligatory hallmark of Joubert syndrome and JS-related disorders

A

molar tooth sign

22
Q

F disorders Single most impt risk factor for developing new primary CNS neoplasms

A

radiation therapy

22
Q

What is the typical topographical pattern or progression of normal myelination?

A

inferior to superior, central to peripheral, posterior to anterior (Is CP pa?)

23
Q

Earliest manifestation of NF1

A

cafe-au-lait spots/macules

23
Q

Virtually pathognomonic of NF1

A

plexiform neurofibromas

23
Q

Differentiate NF1 and NF2 in terms of their associated neoplasms

A

NF1=astrocytomas, NF2=ependymomas and meningiomas

23
Q

Major feature of NF2

A

schwannomas

24
Q

Hallmark of type 2 VHL

A

adrenal pheochromocytoma

24
Q

Second pathologic hallmark of NF2

A

multiple meningiomas

24
Q

Classic clinical triad of tuberous sclerosis complex

A

facial lesions (adenomata sebaceum), seizures, mental retardation

25
Q

Meaning of PHACE syndrome

A

Posterior fossa malformations, Hemangioma, Arterial cerebrovascular anomalies, Coarctation of aorta and cardiac defects, and Eye abnormalities (PHACES - Sternal clifting or supraumbilical raphe)

26
Q

Normal order of suture closure

A

metopic > coronal > lambdoid > sagittal

PBR 2 and 3 (41 decks)

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