Page 17 Flashcards
2016 MAGNIMS recommended modification:
Dissemination in space - >or= 3 periventricular lesions, add optic nerve as additional
location, make juxtacortical to cortical/juxtacortical Dissemination in time - no changes needed, nonenhancing black holes not useful in adults but may help distinguish MS from ADEM in children
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) virtually always occurs in the setting of what disease?
tuberous sclerosis
What are the 3 inherited cancer syndromes that demonstrate an enhanced propensity to develop IDH-wild-type GBMs?
NF1, Li-Fraumeni, and Turcot syndrome
What brain structure is also called the hypophysis cerebri?
pineal gland
What is the rarest, most malignant of all intracranial GCTs?
primary intracranial choriocarcinoma
Imaging triad that is present in most anaplastic meningiomas
extracranial mass, osteolysis, mushrooming intracranial tumor
*What brain tumor commonly presents with foraminal / lateral extension into the CPA?
ependymoma
Most important site for CSF turnover
dura mater aka pachymeninx
Only established environemental risk factor for meningioma
radiation
Where do chondrosarcomas classically arise from?
petrooccipital fissure
What pathology causes a pupil-involving third nerve palsy?
PCoA aneurysm - located in close proximity to the cisternal segment of the nerve
(pupilloconstrictor fibers of the nerve are located peripherally along its superolateral aspect)
Which CN is especially vulnerable to injury during closed head trauma because of the long course of its cisternal segment and its proximity to the tentorium?
CN IV (symptom: torticollis/wry neck/head tilt)
What pathology causes a pupil-sparing third nerve palsy?
microvascular infarction of the core of the nerve
Which CN is vulnerable to apical petrocitis as well as increased ICP?
CN VI
CN VII exits through what foramen?
stylomastoid foramen
Which of the four nerves within the IAC is the most anterosuperior?
CN VII (“7 up, coke down” tapos sa likod iyong superior and inferior vestibular nerves)
Which of the four nerves within the IAC is the most anterosuperior?
CN VII (“7 up, coke down” tapos sa likod iyong superior and inferior vestibular nerves)
Which is the only CN with segments that may exhibit some enhancement?
CN VII
Which of the segments of the INFRATEMPORAL facial nerve is not surrounded by a robust vascular plexus?
a robust vascular plexus?
labyrinthine segment (therefore, kung nag-enhance baka always abnormal?)
Which of the infratemporal facial nerve branches is affected first in the invasion of malignant parotid tumors through the stylomastoid foramen?
chorda tympani (kasi most distal; taste anterior 2/3) -> stapedius nerve (hyperacusis) - > greater superficial petrosal nerve (parasympathetic lacrimal gland)
What bony bar separates the superior and inferior vestibular nerves?
falciform (transverse) crest
In the coronal plane of the jugular tubercle and basiocciput, what structure represents the “eagle’s head”?
jugular tubercle
In the coronal plane of the jugular tubercle and basiocciput, what foramen/canal
lies superolateral to the “eagle’s head and beak”?
jugular foramen
In the coronal plane of the jugular tubercle and basiocciput, what foramen/canal
lies under the “eagle’s head and beak” / at the “neck” between the “beak” above and “body” below?
hypoglossal canal
Which of the 3 CNs that exit through the jugular foramen lies in the pars nervosa
(anterior part)?
(anterior part)? CN IX (CN X and XI lies in the pars vascularis/posterior part)
What are the 3 compartments involved in a 3-component trigeminal schwannoma?
Meckel cave, posterior fossa through the porus trigeminus, and masticator space through the foramen ovale
Osseous mets are relatively rare in children except in what malignancy?
Neuroblastoma
Upper normal limit of pituitary height
6 mm - prepubescent children
8 mm - men and postmenopausal women
10 mm - puberty and young menstruating
12-14 - pregnant and postpartum lactating
What is the rule of ninety in adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas?
90% mixed cystic/solid, 90% calcified, and 90% enhance
The only one of the nonadenomatous tumors that can present as a purely
intrasellar mass
pituicytoma
nd brain Obligatory hallmark of Joubert syndrome and JS-related disorders
molar tooth sign
F disorders Single most impt risk factor for developing new primary CNS neoplasms
radiation therapy
What is the typical topographical pattern or progression of normal myelination?
inferior to superior, central to peripheral, posterior to anterior (Is CP pa?)
Earliest manifestation of NF1
cafe-au-lait spots/macules
Virtually pathognomonic of NF1
plexiform neurofibromas
Differentiate NF1 and NF2 in terms of their associated neoplasms
NF1=astrocytomas, NF2=ependymomas and meningiomas
Major feature of NF2
schwannomas
Hallmark of type 2 VHL
adrenal pheochromocytoma
Second pathologic hallmark of NF2
multiple meningiomas
Classic clinical triad of tuberous sclerosis complex
facial lesions (adenomata sebaceum), seizures, mental retardation
Meaning of PHACE syndrome
Posterior fossa malformations, Hemangioma, Arterial cerebrovascular anomalies, Coarctation of aorta and cardiac defects, and Eye abnormalities (PHACES - Sternal clifting or supraumbilical raphe)
Normal order of suture closure
metopic > coronal > lambdoid > sagittal
