Page 25 Flashcards
Type of papillary necrosis that presents with central erosion of the papilla?
medullary type (pag entire papilla, papillary type)
Hallmark of TCC
multiplicity and recurrence
Vesicoenteric fistula is almost always attributable to?
Crohn disease
Common causes of bladder wall calci
schisto, radiation, alkaline encrustation cystitis, tumor, TB, cytoxan cystitis, amyloidosis
What infective agent is tyically associated with ALKALINE ENCRUSTATION cystitis?
Proteus mirabilis
Conditions associated with malacoplakia
pulmonary TB, chronic osteomy, long-standing malignant disease elsewhere
Malignant bladder tumor associations
-SCC - bladder diverticulum, shistosomiasis
-adeno - exstrophy, cystitis glandularis, urachal remnants
Causes of teardrop/vertical bladder
hematoma, enlarged LN, pelvic lipomatosis, B external iliad artery aneurysms, IVC obstruction with collateral veins
Segmental failure of closure of the urachus at the bladder attachment?
urachocele / diverticulum in the dome of the bladder
Failure of closure at the umbilical attachment
umbilical sinus
What structure divides the male urethra into posterior and anterior portions?
inferior aspect of the urogenital diaphragm
What portion of the urethra is susceptible to straddle injury?
pars nuda (proximal 2 cm of the bulbous urethra, only portion of the anterior urethra that is not contained within the corpus spongiosum)
What divides the anterior urethra into bulbous and penile?
penoscrotal junction / suspensory ligament of the penis
Most dependent urethral segment?
bulbous
In retrograde urethrography, opacification of which glands/ducts is abnormal?
glands of Littre (chronic inflammation, stricture) and prostatic ducts (prostatitis, distal urethral stricture); normal - Cowper ducts and utricle