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PBR 2 and 3 > Most Common > Flashcards

Most Common Flashcards

1
Q

MC adrenal mass

A

Adrenal cortical adenoma

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2
Q

MC primary tumors to metastasize to adrenals

A

lung, breast, melanoma, GI, thyroid, renal

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3
Q

MC primary malignant tumors to metastasize to the adrenal gland

A

lung
breast
melanoma
kidney

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4
Q

MCC of Addison disease (in US)

A

idiopathic atrophy, probably autoimmune

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5
Q

MC adrenal tumor to hemorrhage spontaneously

A

pheochromocytoma

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6
Q

MC causes of adrenal hemorrhage in adults

A

blunt trauma and infection

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7
Q

MCC of adrenal calcifications

A

Previous adrenal hemorrhage

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8
Q

MC calcified adrenal mass in adults

A

Adrenal pseudocyst from previous hemorrhage

  • usually unilocular with wall calcification (note: endothelial cysts tend to be multilocular with septal calcification)
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9
Q

MC etiology of adrenal cysts

A

endothelial

2nd MC: pseudocyst
least common: parasitic

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10
Q

MCC of parasitic adrenal cyst

A

echinococcus

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11
Q

MC endocrine syndrome caused by adrenal ca

A

Cushing

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12
Q

MC renal fusion anomaly

A

Horseshoe kidney

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13
Q

MC renal anomaly

A

Horseshoe kidney

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14
Q

MC form of simple renal ectopy

A

Pelvic kidney

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15
Q

MC variation of crossed ectopy

A

Crossed-fused ectopy

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16
Q

MC abdominal masses in infants and children

A

enlarged kidneys due to hydronephrosis or cystic renal disease

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17
Q

MCC of an abdominal mass in a neonate

A

congenital UPJ obstruction

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18
Q

2nd MCC of abdominal mass in the neonate

A

multicystic dysplastic kidney disease (MCC: hydronephrosis)

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19
Q

MC solid renal mass in adults

A

RCC

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20
Q

MC renal mass

A

simple cyst / simple cortical cyst

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21
Q

MC curable cause of hypertension

A

Renal artery stenosis

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22
Q

MC causes of stenosis of the main renal artery

A

atherosclerosis and FMD

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23
Q

Thrombosis of the renal artery occurs most commonly as a complication of?

A

severe atherosclerosis

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24
Q

MCC of renovascular hypertension in patients <40 yrs

A

Fibromuscular disease (FMD) of renal arteries

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25
Q

2nd MC of renovascular hypertension

A

FMD (atherosclerosis ata iyong MC)

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26
Q

MCC of hypertension in children

A

Fibromuscular disease (FMD) of renal arteries

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27
Q

MCC of hypertension among children

A

acquired renal parenchymal disease

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28
Q

MC etiology of renovascular hypertension among children

A

FMD

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29
Q

2nd MC etiology for renovascular hypertension in children

A

renal artery stenosis due to NF1

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30
Q

MC type of fibromuscular dysplasia

A

medial dysplasia

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31
Q

MC subtype of dysplasia

A

medial fibroplasia

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32
Q

MCC of chronic pyelonephritis in children

A

VUR of infected urine

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33
Q

MC etiologic agent of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

A

Proteus mirabilis

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34
Q

MC site of extrapulmonary TB

A

Urinary tract

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35
Q

MC component of staghorn calculi

A

Struvite

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36
Q

Account for 70% of staghorn calculi

A

Triple phosphates (struvite + apatite)

  • the remainder, cystine and uric acid
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37
Q

MCC of acute flank pain

A

renal colic

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38
Q

MCC of filling defects in the collecting system/ureter

A

Calculi

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39
Q

2nd MC primary renal malignancy

A

TCC

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40
Q

MC urinary tract neoplasm

A

TCC

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41
Q

MC location of bladder diverticula

A

posterolaterally near the UVJ

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42
Q

MC location of bladder diverticula

A

trigonal area

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43
Q

MC location of secondary bladder diverticula (pedia)

A

paraureteral area

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44
Q

Pedia Caffey’s:
MC location of iatrogenic diverticula

A

anterior wall at the site of a previous vesicostomy or suprapubic drainage catheter and UVJ after ureteral implantation

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45
Q

MCC of vesicocolonic fistula

A

diverticulitis

(Dunnick: 2nd MC colon cancer)

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46
Q

Dunnick:
Most frequently involved segment of the large bowel in colovesical fistulae

A

rectosigmoid

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47
Q

Dunnick:
Most commonly encountered CT finding in enterovesical and colovesical fistulae

A

small amount of air in the bladder lumen

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48
Q

MC location of contrast extravasation in extraperitoneal bladder rupture

A

retropubic space of Retzius

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49
Q

MCC of inflammatory strictures

A

gonorrhea

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50
Q

Dunnick:
MC area of occurrence of gonorrheal strictures / MC site of urethral strictures in schistosomiasis

A

bulbar / bulbous

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51
Q

Dunnick:
MC site of instrument-related strictures

A

bulbomembranous region

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52
Q

MC complication of urethral stricture

A

false passage

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53
Q

MC site of urethral ca

A

anterior urethra

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54
Q

MC site of diverticulum of the female urethra

A

posterolateral wall of the mid-portion of the short female urethra

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55
Q

MC site of traumatic injury to the posterior urethra

A

junction between prostatic and membranous

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56
Q

Caffey’s:
Most commonly injured area of the urethra

A

membranous (owing to its fixation by the urogenital diaphragm)

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57
Q

MC site of prostate ca

A

peripheral zone

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58
Q

MC type of prostate ca

A

adenoca

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59
Q

MC cysts of the prostate

A

cysts associated with BPH

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60
Q

MCC of painful penile induration, focal or generalized priapism

A

Peyronie disease

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61
Q

MC causative agents of acute epididymo-orchitis

A

E. coli (MC)
S aureus
gonococcus
TB

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62
Q

MC testicular neoplasms in males 15-44 yrs

A

Testicular germ cell tumors

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63
Q

MC tumors to metastasize to the testis

A

Renal, prostate

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64
Q

MCC of painless scrotal swelling

A

Hydrocele

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65
Q

MC correctable cause of male infertility

A

Varicocele

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66
Q

MC entities to produce / Major causes of cortical nephrocalcinosis

A

CGN
acute cortical necrosis
oxalosis

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67
Q

Dunnick:
MC etiologies to produce medullary nephrocalcinosis

A

hyperparathyroidism and RTA

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68
Q

Dunnick:
Probably the mcc of nephrolithiasis

A

idiopathic hypercalciuria

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69
Q

Dunnick:
MC chemical composition of urinary stones

A

CaOx and CaPO4 (mixed) > CaOx (pure) > “triple phosphate” (struvite + apatite) > uric acid > CaPO4 (pure) > cystine

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70
Q

Dunnick:
Account for majority of “lucent” stones

A

uric acid

  • Insufficiently radiopaque to be seen on abdominal radiograph
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71
Q

Dunnick:
MCC of secondary oxalosis

A

small bowel disease

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72
Q

Dunnick:
MC type of bladder calculi in children in developing countries

A

uric acid stones

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73
Q

Dunnick:
Calcicifcations most often confused with urinary tract calculi

A

phleboliths and calcified mesenteric LNs

74
Q

Dunnick:
MC etiologies of papillary necrosis

A

analgesic, DM, sickle cell anemia

75
Q

Dunnick: MC site of collecting system indentation by a renal artery or vein (Fraley syndrome)

A

upper pole infundibulum or anterior surface of the renal pelvis

76
Q

Dunnick:
MC of the nonepithelial tumors of the ureter

A

fibroepithelial polyp / benign fibrous polyp

77
Q

Dunnick:
MC location of fibroepithelial polyps

A

proximal 1/3 of ureter

78
Q

Dunnick:
MC site of malakoplakia in the urinary tract

A

In decreasing order of frequency
1. bladderureter
2. renal pelvis
3. urethra

79
Q

Dunnick:
MC site in the urinary tract to be involved with endometriosis

A

bladder

80
Q

Dunnick:
MC benign bladder tumor

A

leiomyoma

81
Q

Dunnick:
MC site of urothelial ca in the bladder

A

lateral walls > trigone > dome

82
Q

Dunnick:
MC appearance of bladder ca on CT

A

areas of asymmetric bladder wall thickening

83
Q

Dunnick:
MC malignant mesenchymal tumors of bladder muscle

A

leiomyosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma

84
Q

Dunnick:
MC secondary tumor found in the bladder

A

melanoma

85
Q

Dunnick:
MCC of bladder calculi

A

bladder outlet obstruction

86
Q

Dunnick:
MC site of urachal ca

A

juxtavesicular

87
Q

Dunnick:
MC diagnosed tumor in a urethral diverticulum

A

adenoca (pero pag bladder diverticulum, SCC; urethral stricture, SCC din)

88
Q

Dunnick/Brant:
MC solid tumors of men aged 20-34 y/o / MC neoplasm in males aged 15-55 y/o

A

GCT

89
Q

Dunnick:
MC GCT in adults

A

seminomas
(2nd MC: embryonal ca)

90
Q

Dunnick:
MC testicular GCTs in children

A

yolk-sac tumors and teratomas

(so consider these in a testicular tumor in a young boy with no adrenal abnormality)

91
Q

Caffey’s:
MC testicular neoplasm before puberty / MC malignant GCT in children

A

yolk sac tumor

92
Q

Dunnick/Pedia:
MC cell type of tumors that develop in undescended testis

A

seminoma (same as scrotal testis)

93
Q

Dunnick:
MC testicular neoplasm

A

seminoma

94
Q

Dunnick:
MC testicular neoplasm among men 60 yo and older

A

lymphoma

*Brant: >50yo - lymphoma, leukemia, and mets are more common than GCT

95
Q

MC bilateral testicular neoplasm

A

Lymphoma

96
Q

Dunnick:
MC of the GCTs with mixed histologic pattern

A

teratoma and teratocarcinoma

97
Q

Dunnick:
MC tumor of the epididymis

A

adenomatoid tumor

98
Q

Dunnick/Brant:
MC inflammatory process in the scrotum epididymitis (most common after 20 yo) Pedia Caffey’s MCC of acutely painful scrotum in the post pubescent male epididymitis GU Brant MC ? in patients under 20 yrs testicular torsion Dunnick Prostate LN groups most commonly involved in LN metastases of prostate ca obturator, external iliac, and internal iliac Dunnick Prostate MCC of bacterial prostatitis E coli Dunnick Seminal vesicles MCC of neoplastic involvement of the seminal vesicles direct invasion by prostate ca Dunnick Penis MC penile tumor SCC Dunnick UT trauma Abdominal organs most commonly associated w/ renal injury liver and spleen Dunnick UT trauma MC form of renal injury minor injuries Dunnick UT trauma MC vascular injury of the kidney after blunt trauma occlusion of a segmental renal vessel Dunnick UT trauma Highest risk procedure in ureteral injury ureteroscopy Dunnick UT trauma MC form of bladder trauma contusion Dunnick UT trauma Single most important clinical sign of urethral injury blood at external urethral meatus Dunnick UT trauma MC form of urethral injury type III
Pollack Adrenal MC adrenal lesion in Cushing’s syndrome hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex Pollack Adrenal MCC of Cushing’s syndrome / MCC of noniatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome adrenal hyperplasia Pollack Adrenal MC tumors to produce ACTH bronchial carcinoid, bronchogenic ca, thymoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma Pollack Adrenal MC enzymatic defect in congenital adrenal hyperplasia 21-hydroxylase deficiency (2nd MC: 11B) Pollack Adrenal MCC of adrenal insufficiency due to granulomatous infection TB (for underdeveloped countries); histoplasmosis (in SE and SC US) Pollack Adrenal MCC of calcified adrenal glands not associated with adrenal insufficiency adrenal hemorrhage Pollack Adrenal MCC of bilateral adrenal masses mets Pollack Adrenal MCC of cortical destruction in AIDS adrenalitis due to CMV
Pollack Adrenal MCC of acute addisonian crisis bilateral adrenal hemorrhage (adrenal apoplexy) Pollack Adrenal MCC of an adrenal mass in infancy massive hemorrhage Pedia Renal and adrenal masses/Caffey’s MCC of adrenal enlargement in the newborn / MC adrenal mass in neonates adrenal hemorrhage Pollack Adrenal MC type of lymphoma to involve the adrenal non-Hodgkin’s (same sa kidney) GI Abdomen MC cause of pneumoperitoneum Duodenal or gastric ulcer perforation GI Abdomen MC cause of toxic megacolon acute ulcerative colitis GI Abdomen MC cause of small bowel obstruction? postsurgical adhesions (western); incarcerated hernia (developing countries) GI Abdomen MC cause of large bowel obstruction in elderly and bedridden patients fecal impaction GI Abdomen MC lymphoma Non-hodgkin GI Abdomen MC sarcoma in the retroperitoneum Liposarcoma GI Abdomen MC site for abscess formation pelvis GI Abdomen Most specific sign of abscess focal collection of extraluminal gas GI Abdomen MC malignancy associated with AIDS Kaposi sarcoma GI Abdomen MC location of extra-nodal involvement in AIDS-related lymphomas CNS GI Liver MC abnormality demonstrated by hepatic imaging Fatty liver GI Liver MC location of focal fat sparing Segment IV GI Liver MC cause of cirrhosis chronic alcoholics (USA), chronic active hepatitis (Asia and Africa) GI Liver MC liver nodule regenerative nodules GI Liver Predominant cause of the heterogeneous appearance of cirrhosis High-signal fibrosis on T2 GI Liver MC cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome coagulation disorder (Western); membranous webs obstructing the hepatic veins or IV (Asian) GI Liver MC hypervascular lesions in normal liver hemangioma, FNH, hepatic adenoma, and hypervascular metastasis GI Liver MC hypervascular lesions in cirrhosis HCC and dysplastic nodules GI Liver MC malignant masses in the liver Metastases (GI, breast, lung); 2nd MC liver mass in general = cavernous hemangioma GI Liver (MC hypovascular metastases) colorectal, lung, prostate, gastric, and uroepithelial ca; also kidney GI Liver MC benign liver neoplasm Cavernous hemangioma; 2nd MC = FNH GI Liver MC organ affected by hydatid cyst liver GI/Pedia Biliary tree MC type of choledochal cyst (Todani classification) Type 1 - EHBD fusiform/saccular dilatation GI Biliary tree MC primary tumor associated with intraluminal biliary mets Colorectal cancer GI Biliary tree MC cause of pneumobilia Postsurgical (biliary-enteric anastomosis, sphincterotomy) GI Pancreas Most frequent source of pancreatic metastasis RCC and bronchogenic carcinoma GI Pancreas MC major imaging appearance of serous cystadenomas honeycomb microcysts (microcystic adenoma) GI Pancreas MC location of mucinous cystic neoplasm Tail GI Pancreas MC location of branch duct IPMN Uncinate process GI Pancreas MC congenital anomaly of the pancreas Annular pancreas GI Spleen MC malignant tumor involving the spleen lymphoma GI Spleen MC malignancy arising in the spleen angiosarcoma GI Spleen MC primary neoplasm of the spleen hemangioma GI Spleen MC splenic cyst post-traumatic cyst GI Spleen MC finding in the spleen in patients with AIDS splenomegaly associated with generalized lymphoid hyperplasia GI Pharynx, esophagus MC type of hiatal hernia Sliding hiatus hernia - GEJ displaced more than 1 cm above hiatus GI Pharynx, esophagus MC type of paraesophageal hernia Mixed or compound hiatal hernia GI Pharynx, esophagus MC cause of esophageal ulcerations Reflux esophagitis GI Pharynx, esophagus MC cause of esophageal stricture Reflux esophagitis GI/Pedia Pharynx, esophagus GI and Pedia: MC cause of infectious esophagitis / MC infective agent causing esophagitis Candida albicans GI Pharynx, esophagus Pharyngeal webs arise most commonly where? From the anterior wall of the hypopharynx GI Pharynx, esophagus Most common location of esophageal webs Cervical esophagus just distal to the cricopharyngeus impression GI Pharynx, esophagus Brant: MC benign neoplasm of the esophagus / Caffey’s: MC esophageal tumor in children (although rare)
leiomyoma GI Pharynx, esophagus Brant: MCC of esophageal perforation / Caffey’s: MCC of esophageal perforation in children
instrumentation / iatrogenic trauma GI Pharynx, esophagus MC location of esophageal tear in Boerhaave syndrome left posterior wall near the left crus of the diaphragm
GI Stomach and duodenum MC site of involvement of primary GI lymphoma stomach GI Stomach and duodenum MC type of gastric lymphoma non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma GI/Pedia Stomach and duodenum GI and Pedia: MC mesenchymal tumors to arise from GIT / MC mesenchymal neoplasm of the GIT GISTs GI Stomach and duodenum MC site of involvement of GIST stomach GI Stomach and duodenum MC form of gastritis H. pylori gastritis GI Stomach and duodenum MC cause of thickened gastric folds H. pylori gastritis GI Stomach and duodenum MC location for gastric neoplasm distal stomach GI Stomach and duodenum MC type of gastric polyps hyperplastic polyps GI Stomach and duodenum MC location of malignant duodenal tumors periampullary region (rare in bulb) GI Stomach and duodenum MC location of duodenal ulcers duodenal bulb (anterior wall) GI Stomach and duodenum MC location of gastrinoma Brant: #1 pancreas, #2 duodenum / Caffey’s: wall of the duodenum or head of the pancreas / gastrinoma triangle (see notes) GI Stomach and duodenum MC location of duodenal diverticula inner aspect of descending duodenum
GI Stomach and duodenum MCC of UGI hemorrhage duodenal ulcer

A

epididymitis (most common after 20 yo)

99
Q

Pedia Caffey’s:
MCC of acutely painful scrotum in the post pubescent male

A

epididymitis

100
Q

GU Brant:
MC ? in patients under 20 yrs

A

testicular torsion

101
Q

Dunnick:
Prostate LN groups most commonly involved in LN metastases of prostate ca

A

Obturator
external iliac
Internal iliac

102
Q

Dunnick:
MCC of bacterial prostatitis

A

E coli

103
Q

Dunnick:
MCC of neoplastic involvement of the seminal vesicles

A

direct invasion by prostate ca

104
Q

Dunnick:
MC penile tumor

A

SCC

105
Q

Dunnick:
Abdominal organs most commonly associated w/ renal injury

A

Liver and spleen

106
Q

Dunnick:
MC form of renal injury

A

minor injuries

107
Q

Dunnick:
MC vascular injury of the kidney after blunt trauma

A

occlusion of a segmental renal vessel

108
Q

MCC of UGI hemorrhage

A

duodenal ulcer

109
Q

MC location of duodenal diverticula

A

Inner aspect of descending duodenum

110
Q

MC location of gastrinoma

A

Brant: #1 pancreas, #2 duodenum / Caffey’s: wall of the duodenum or head of the pancreas / gastrinoma triangle (see notes)

111
Q

MC location of duodenal ulcers

A

Duodenal bulb (anterior wall)

112
Q

MC location of malignant duodenal tumors

A

Periampullary region (rare in bulb)

113
Q

MC type of gastric polyps

A

Hyperplastic polyps

114
Q

MC location for gastric neoplasm

A

distal stomach

115
Q

MC cause of thickened gastric folds

A

H. pylori gastritis

116
Q

MC form of gastritis

A

H. pylori gastritis

117
Q

MC site of involvement of GIST

A

stomach

118
Q

MC mesenchymal tumors to arise from GIT / MC mesenchymal neoplasm of the GIT

A

GISTs

119
Q

MC type of gastric lymphoma

A

Non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma

120
Q

MC site of involvement of primary GI lymphoma

A

Stomach

121
Q

MC location of esophageal tear in Boerhaave syndrome

A

Left posterior wall near the left crus of the diaphragm

122
Q

Brant: MCC of esophageal perforation / Caffey’s: MCC of esophageal perforation in children

A

Instrumentation / iatrogenic trauma

123
Q

Brant: MC benign neoplasm of the esophagus / Caffey’s: MC esophageal tumor in children (although rare)

A

Leiomyoma

124
Q

Most common location of esophageal webs

A

Cervical esophagus just distal to the cricopharyngeus impression

125
Q

Pharyngeal webs arise most commonly where?

A

From the anterior wall of the hypopharynx

126
Q

MC cause of infectious esophagitis / MC infective agent causing esophagitis Candida albicans

A

Candida albicans

127
Q

MC cause of esophageal stricture

A

Reflux esophagitis

128
Q

MC cause of esophageal ulcerations

A

Reflux esophagitis

129
Q

MC type of paraesophageal hernia

A

Mixed or compound hiatal hernia

130
Q

MC type of hiatal hernia

A

Sliding hiatus hernia

*GEJ displaced more than 1 cm above hiatus

131
Q

MC finding in the spleen in patients with AIDS

A

Splenomegaly associated with generalized lymphoid hyperplasia

132
Q

MC splenic cyst

A

Post-traumatic cyst

133
Q

MC primary neoplasm of the spleen

A

Hemangioma

134
Q

MC malignancy arising in the spleen

A

Angiosarcoma

135
Q

MC malignant tumor involving the spleen

A

lymphoma

136
Q

MC congenital anomaly of the pancreas

A

Annular pancreas

137
Q

MC location of branch duct IPMN

A

Uncinate process

138
Q

MC location of mucinous cystic neoplasm

A

Tail

139
Q

MC major imaging appearance of serous cystadenomas

A

Honeycomb microcysts (microcystic adenoma)

140
Q

Most frequent source of pancreatic metastasis

A

RCC and bronchogenic carcinoma

141
Q

MC cause of pneumobilia

A

Postsurgical (biliary-enteric anastomosis, sphincterotomy)

142
Q

MC primary tumor associated with intraluminal biliary mets

A

Colorectal cancer

143
Q

MC type of choledochal cyst (Todani classification)

A

Type 1 - EHBD fusiform/saccular dilatation

144
Q

MC organ affected by hydatid cyst

A

Liver

145
Q

MC benign Liver neoplasm

A

Cavernous hemangioma;

2nd MC = FNH

146
Q

MC hypovascular metastases

A

Colorectal, lung, prostate, gastric, and uroepithelial ca; also kidney

147
Q

MC malignant masses in the liver

A

Metastases (GI, breast, lung);

2nd MC liver mass in general = cavernous hemangioma

148
Q

MC hypervascular lesions in cirrhosis

A

HCC and dysplastic nodules

149
Q

MC hypervascular lesions in normal liver

A

Hemangioma, FNH, hepatic adenoma, and hypervascular metastasis

150
Q

MC cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome

A

Coagulation disorder (Western);

Membranous webs obstructing the hepatic veins or IV (Asian)

151
Q

MC liver nodule regenerative nodules GI Liver Predominant cause of the heterogeneous appearance of cirrhosis

A

High-signal fibrosis on T2

152
Q

MC cause of cirrhosis

A

Chronic alcoholics (USA),

Chronic active hepatitis (Asia and Africa)

153
Q

MC location of focal fat sparing

A

Segment IV

154
Q

MC abnormality demonstrated by hepatic imaging

A

Fatty liver

155
Q

MC location of extra-nodal involvement in AIDS-related lymphomas

A

CNS

156
Q

MC malignancy associated with AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma

157
Q

Most specific sign of abscess

A

Focal collection of extraluminal gas

158
Q

MC site for abscess formation

A

Pelvis

159
Q

MC sarcoma in the retroperitoneum

A

Liposarcoma

160
Q

MC lymphoma

A

Non-hodgkin

161
Q

MC cause of large bowel obstruction in elderly and bedridden patients

A

Fecal impaction

162
Q

MC cause of small bowel obstruction?

A

Postsurgical adhesions (western);

Incarcerated hernia (developing countries)

163
Q

MC cause of toxic megacolon

A

Acute ulcerative colitis

164
Q

MC cause of pneumoperitoneum

A

Duodenal or gastric ulcer perforation

165
Q

Pollack:
MC type of lymphoma to involve the adrenal

A

Non-Hodgkin’s (same sa kidney)

166
Q

Caffey’s:
MCC of adrenal enlargement in the newborn / MC adrenal mass in neonates

A

Adrenal hemorrhage

167
Q

Pollack:
MCC of an adrenal mass in infancy

A

Massive hemorrhage

168
Q

Pollack:
MCC of acute addisonian crisis

A

Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage (adrenal apoplexy)

169
Q

Pollack:
MCC of cortical destruction in AIDS

A

Adrenalitis due to CMV

170
Q

Pollack Adrenal:
MCC of bilateral adrenal masses

A

Mets

171
Q

Pollack Adrenal:
MCC of calcified adrenal glands not associated with adrenal insufficiency

A

Adrenal hemorrhage

172
Q

Pollack Adrenal:
MCC of adrenal insufficiency due to granulomatous infection

A

TB (for underdeveloped countries);

Histoplasmosis (in SE and SC US)

173
Q

Pollack Adrenal:
MC enzymatic defect in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

*2nd MC: 11B

174
Q

Pollack Adrenal:
MC tumors to produce ACTH

A

Bronchial carcinoid
Bronchogenic ca
Thymoma
Pancreatic islet cell tumors
Pheochromocytoma

175
Q

Pollack Adrenal:
MCC of Cushing’s syndrome / MCC of noniatrogenic

A

Cushing’s syndrome adrenal hyperplasia

176
Q

Pollack Adrenal:
MC adrenal lesion in Cushing’s syndrome

A

Hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex

177
Q

Dunnick:
MC form of urethral injury

A

Type III

178
Q

Dunnick:
Single most important clinical sign of urethral injury

A

Blood at external urethral meatus

179
Q

Dunnick:
MC form of bladder trauma

A

Contusion

180
Q

Dunnick:
Highest risk procedure in ureteral injury

A

Ureteroscopy

181
Q

MC PRIMARY appendiceal tumor in surgical pathology

A

Carcinoid Tumor

182
Q

MC appendiceal tumor detected in imaging

A

Appendiceal Mucocele - due to mucinous neoplasm

PBR 2 and 3 (41 decks)

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