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PBR 2 and 3 > Page 28 > Flashcards

Page 28 Flashcards

1
Q

MCC of infectious aortitis

A

S. Aureus and Salmonella

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2
Q

Imaging findings of aortitis

A

Circumferential or cresentic inflammatory wall thickening (>3mm) on CTA w/ corresponding increased FDG uptake

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3
Q

MC aortic tumors

A

Aortic sarcoma

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3
Q

CT/MR showing irregular mass-like thickening along the aorta

A

Aortic Sarcoma

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3
Q

Increased pulmo vascularity, enlarged LA LV, small aorta

A

VSD

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4
Q

MCC of CYANOTIC CHD

A

TOF

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4
Q

MC involved sinus in Ruptures aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva

A

Right (anterior) aortic sinus - rupture is into the RVOT

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4
Q

Increased lulmo vascularity, enlarged LA LV, N/Large aorta

A

PDA

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4
Q

Increased pulmo vascularity, enlarged RA (RV), small aorta

A

ASD

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5
Q

Common pulmo vein communicates with R side of the heart

A

TAPVR

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5
Q

L-R shunt: defect involves either tricuspid valva annulus or just above RA

A

LV to RA shunt

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5
Q

L-R shunt: associated with ASD than being isolated

A

PAPVR

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5
Q

TAPVR: drains into RA via the vertical vein (persistent L SVC) and azygous v (R)

A

Type 1

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5
Q

TAPVR type: supradiaphragmatic

A

Type 1 and 2 (MC)

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5
Q

L-R shunt: failure of complete separation of primitive truncus arteriosus

A

Aorto-pulmonary window

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5
Q

TAPVR type: infradiaphragmatic

A

Type 3

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5
Q

TAPVR: drains into portal vein

A

Type 3

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5
Q

TAPVR type: active congestion

A

Type 1 and 2

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5
Q

TAPVR type: mixed

A

Type 4

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5
Q

Mimicker of figure 8 on CXR

A

Infant w/ VSD and enlarged thymus

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5
Q

PTA type: pulmo a arise from descending aorta via collateral vessels

A

Type 4 (Collett-Edwards)/Pseudotruncus Type1

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6
Q

TAPVR: drains into RA by coronary sinus

A

Type 2

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6
Q

Syndrome assoc w/ TAPVR1 wherein the vertical vein is compressed by pulmo a and
left bronchus

A

Pulmonary vise syndrome

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6
Q

TAPVR type: passive congestion (pulmo edema)

A

Type 3

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6
Q

Unilateral involvement of pulmonary vein will show one-sided interstitial edema

A

Pulmonary venous atresia

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6
Q

PTA type: associated with interrupted aortic arch

A

Type 4 (van Praagh)

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6
Q

Single vessel drains both ventricles and supplies the systemic, pulmonary, and coronary circulation

A

Persistent truncus arteriosus

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6
Q

PTA type: 1 PA arises from ascending aorta, the other from RV

A

Hemitruncus arteriosus (RPA abnormal)

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6
Q

PTA type: PDA supplies the pulmo arteries

A

Pseudotruncus type 2 (severe tetralogy)

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6
Q

All of PTA types have concave pulmonary artery on CXR, except

A

Type 1 - pulmo artery arises from trunk of truncus arteriosus

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7
Q

PTA type w/ no misdirection of venous blood into aorta, no cyanosis, and no assoc VSD

A

Hemitruncus arteriosus - one pulmo a arises from ascending aorta while the other is normal. Only 1 side has L-R shunt

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7
Q

TGA type: both great vessels receive blood from RV. PA arise from RV alone

A

Double outlet RV (Type 1)

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7
Q

Egg shape heart

A

TGA

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7
Q

TGA type: both great vessels receive blood from RV. Large PA arise from both ventricles overriding a high VSD

A

Double outlet RV (Type 2) -Taussig-Bing Anomaly

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7
Q

T or F. In TGA, the aorta always arises from RV.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

TGA type: reversed AP relation of great vessels, aorta remains in normal position from side to side

A

Complete/Simple TGA

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7
Q

TGA type: transposed great vessels and inverted great vessels and ventricles

A

Congenitally corrected TGA

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7
Q

TGA type: D transposition

A

Complete/simple TGA

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8
Q

TGA type: L transposition

A

Congenitally corrected TGA

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8
Q

TGA type: hemodynamically normal circulation, ACYANOTIC

A

Congenitally corrected TGA (blood in lungs to LA, to RV, to aorta; systemic blood to RA, to LV, to PA)

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8
Q

Decreased pulmo vascularity, concave PA, prominent Rsided aorta, RVH

A

TOF

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8
Q

Most important point to differentiate TOF from other CHD w/ diminished pulmo vascularity

A

TOF = RIGHTsided aorta

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8
Q

MCC cyanotic CHD beyond first 30days of life

A

TOF

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8
Q

One ventricle is large, the other is rudimentary

A

Single ventricle

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8
Q

MC form of single ventricle

A

Underdevelopment of RV

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8
Q

Critical component of TOF

A

pulmonary stenosis

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8
Q

Mild case of TOF w/ mild pulmonary stenosis

A

Pink TOF

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9
Q

MC side to have decreased pulmo vascularity in TOF

A

LEFT (LPA hypoplastic or absent)

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10
Q

TOF associated w/ pulmonary valve atresia

A

Pseudotruncus arteriosus type 2

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11
Q

Syndrome w/ small RV, large LA and LV, varying degrees of RA enlargement, and R-L shunting

A

Hypoplastic Right heart syndrome

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12
Q

Conditions in Hypoplastic Right heart syndrome

A

Tricuspid atresia and stenosis, pulmo atresia, and isolated hypoplasia of RV

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12
Q

MC condition in Hypoplastic Right heart syndrome

A

Tricuspid atresia

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12
Q

Pulmonary atresia type: more developed RV and patent tricuspid valve, marked RA enlargement

A

Type 2

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13
Q

Pulmonary atresia type: severe hypoplastic RV, atretic tricuspid v, no RA enlargement

A

Type 1

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13
Q

T or F. Type 2 pulmonary atresia may have similar heart configuration w/ Ebstein anomaly

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot components

A

PS, RVE, VSD, overriding aorta

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14
Q

Downward displacement of tricuspid valve (septal and posterior leaflet), RV is
incorporated to the RA (anatomically nad functionally)

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

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14
Q

Most frequest cause of death in Ebstein anomaly

A

Cardiac arrhythmia

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14
Q

Absent pulmo artery: isolated

A

Either RPA or LPA

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14
Q

Focal or complete absence of RV

A

Uhl’s disease

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14
Q

Trilogy of Fallot components

A

PS w/ intact ventricular septum, RAE, and R-L shunt (PFO/ASD)

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14
Q

Ebstein vs Uhl

A

Ebstein - only the atrialized portion of RV has thin wall; Uhl - RV is thin-walled (fibroelastic bag) dt absence of RV myocardium

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14
Q

Pentalogy components

A
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15
Q

Absent pulmo artery: TOF

A

LPA

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16
Q

Absent pulmo artery: PTA

A

either RPA or LPA

16
Q

MC form of Supravalvular pulmonary stenosis

A

Multiple peripheral pulmo artery coarctations

16
Q

T or F. Left-side obstruction shows normal pulmo vas pattern inspite of serious cardiac lesions.

A

TRUE

17
Q

Normal vascularity, LVH, normal/prominent aorta

A

Aortic stenosis

18
Q

AS: cone shape LV from marked thickening of intraventricular septum and LV myocardium

A

Subvalvular AS

18
Q

Aortic stenosis: infantile hypercalcemia (Williams) syndrome

A

Supravalvular stenosis

18
Q

AS: associated with prominence of ascending aorta

A

Valvular AS

18
Q

LVD (downward point of apex), prominent ascending aorta, prominent aortic knob

A

Aortic insufficiency

18
Q

AS: small aortic knob

A

Supravalvular AS

18
Q

AS: assoc w/ idiopathic hypertrophy of LV and interventricular septum

A

Subvalvular stenosis

18
Q

COA: narrowing proximal to ductus arteriosus, long segment

A

Preductal/isthmic/infantile

18
Q

COA: narrowing at/distal to L subclavian artery and ductus arteriosus; short and discrete

A

Adult type

19
Q

Figure 3 sign (CXR); reverse figure 3 or figure E (barium esoph)

A

COA

19
Q

MCC of CHF in the forst day or two fo life

A

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

19
Q

What happens in Hypoplastic L heart syndrome?

A

Impaired blood flow from Lside of heart, predispose to L-R shunt (ASD) and PDA; enlarged RA and RV

19
Q

Marked LA and LV enlargement + passive congestion

A

Mitral insufficiency

19
Q

Mitral insuffiency associated with Marfan syndrome

A

MVP

19
Q

Extra chamber is present proximal to LA and separated by a perforated membrane

A

Cor triatriatum

19
Q

Mitral insufficiency vs Cor triatriatum

A

Both have same abnormal hemodynamics w/ passive congestion. Cor triatriatum =No LAE

19
Q

T or F. If CXR findings are normal in symptomatic patients, vascular ring is not likely.

A

TRUE

20
Q

2 true vascular rings

A

1) double aortic arch, 2)R aortic arch w/ aberrant L subclavian a and encircling PDA/ligamentum arteriosum

20
Q

T or F. Right arch will deviate the tracha and esophagus to the right.

A

TRUE

20
Q

T or F. On expiratory film, trachea remains midline secondary to Right aortic arch

A

TRUE (with inspiration, normal trachea moves to the right)

21
Q

MC vascular anomalies that produce no symptoms

A

Anomalous (aberrant) R subclavian artery

22
Q

2nd MC vascular anomaly that produce no symptoms

A

R aortic arch, R desc a, mirror image branching

23
Q

MC vascular anomalies that produce symptoms

A

The 2 true vascular rings

24
Q

2nd MC vascular anomaly that produces symptoms

A

Vascular sling-aberrant LPA

25
Q

MC vascular anomaly of all

A

Aberrant R subclavian artery

25
Q

This vessel arises distal to the L subclavian artery (as the most distal br of aortic arch) crossing the midline posterior to tracha and esophagus

A

Aberrant R subclavian artery

25
Q

MC CHD associated with R aortic arch w/ R descending aorta (mirror branching)

A

TOF

25
Q

Variation of aberrant LPA associated w/ tracheal stenosis from complete cartilaginous rings

A

Ring-sling complex

26
Q

Mirror image lesion of aberrant R subclavian artery w/ normal L aortic arch

A

Aberrant L subclavian artery w/ R aortic arch

26
Q

Associated w/ “diverticulum of Kommerell”

A

Aberrant L subclavian artery

26
Q

Reverse S shape indentation of the esophagus

A

Double aortic arch (large higher posterior arch, small lower anterior arch)

26
Q

What constitute a “Congenital subclavian steal syndrome”?

A

Isolated left subclavian artery (atretic base) receives supply from aorta via retrogradeflow through ipsilateral vertebral artery

27
Q

Vascular anomalies that produce isolated anterior tracheal compression

A

1) anomalous innominate artery, 2)anomalous L common carotid artery

28
Q

Anomalous innominate artery

A

Arises from a point more distal along aortic arch (too near the left common carotid artery)

28
Q

Anomalous L subclavian artery

A

Originates from a poit more proximal than normal (too near the innominate artery)

28
Q

This vessel abnormally arises from the RPA then crosses the midline by encircling the trachea and passing b/w trachea and esophagus

A

Aberrant LPA or Vascular ring

28
Q

Unusual high position of the aortic knob seen as paratracheal mass w/ leftward tracheal deviation

A

Cervical aortic arch (Circumflex aorta)

29
Q

MC type of pericardial defect

A

Complete absence of pericardium LEFT)

29
Q

Interrupted IVC usually has continuation w/ what vessel structure?

A

Azygos

29
Q

Clue to pa partial left paracardial defect

A

Herniation of LA appendage

29
Q

Persistent L SVC is commonly associated with?

A

Polysplenia syndrome

30
Q

MC involved in congenital cardiac aneurysm

A

Ventricles

31
Q

MCC of myocarditis in children

A

Viral infection

32
Q

CXR findings of myocarditis in children

A

Generalized cardiimegaly and passive congestion of lungs

32
Q

MCC of endocarditis in children

A

Bacterial infection

33
Q

MC affected structure in Idiopathic cardiomyopathy

A

LV

33
Q

Transient hypertrophy of the interventricular septum in the subaortic region of the LV

A

Diabetic cardiomyopathy of the neonate

33
Q

Aggravating factore in Hypoxic (ischemic) cardiomyopathy of neonate

A

Papillary muscle necrosis

34
Q

T or F. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can lead to cardiomegaly

A

TRUE

35
Q

MC AV fistula in neonates

A

Vein of Galen aneurysm

36
Q

MC of fluid overload in older children (in the past)

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

36
Q

Cause of Myocardial infarction in neonates

A

Coronary artery embolism resulting from paradoxical thrombi originating from ductus venosus

36
Q

MC cardiac tumors in neonate

A

Rhabdomyoma

36
Q

Condition associated with fibroma of the heart

A

Basal cell nevoid or Gorlin’s syndrome

36
Q

Condition associated with Rhabdomyoma

A

Tuberous sclerosis

36
Q

Common causes of pericardial calcifications

A

Infection, hemorrhage, or trauma

36
Q

MCC of pericarditis

A

Viral etiology

37
Q

MCC of hemopericardium

A

Chest trauma (accidental or iatrogenic)

38
Q

MC pericardial tumor in childhood (especially in infancy)

A

Pericardial teratoma

39
Q

MC location of pericardial cysts

A

Right side in the cardiophrenic angle

40
Q

Predisposing factors to thrombosis (arterial or venous)

A

Dehydration and/or sepsis, indwelling catheters, infants of diabetic mothers

41
Q

Main contributing factor todevelopment of renal artery thrombosis

A

Indwelling catheter

42
Q

Characteristic oval or bullet-shaped calcification in ghe vessels involved

A

Calcified venous thrombosis

43
Q

MCC of arterial aneurysm in the pediatric age group

A

Mycotic aneurysm secondary to infection from umbilical artery catheterization

44
Q

MC location of venous aneurysms in children

A

SVC and Jugular veins

45
Q

T or F. Systemic vein stenosis are usually asymptomatic, while arterial stenosis are symptomaotic.

A

TRUE

46
Q

Pulseless disease

A

Takayasu’s arteritis

46
Q

Storage disease associated with calcification of the aorta

A

Singleton-Merten syndrome

47
Q

T or F. Arterial calcification are more common than venous calcifications.

A

FALSE

47
Q

MCC ofvenous calcifications

A

Calcified venous thrombi

48
Q

Collagen vascular disease involving neonates and young infants

A

Periarteritis nodosa

48
Q

Collagen vascular disease involving older children

A

SLE

49
Q

Microcardia is a temporary phenomenon resulting from severe dehydration or massive blood loss

A

TRUE

49
Q

Chamber enlargement characteristically absent in ASD

A

LA - bec blood is shunted into the RA right away

49
Q

Chamber enlargement characteristically absent in VSD

A

RA (in all types of VSD)

49
Q

Type of VSD seen w/ PTA and TOF

A

Bulbar defect - high in the membranous portion of IV septum (defective formation of flap derived from conus portion of TA)

49
Q

Right lung hypoplasia + curvilinar shadow at the base of RLL (anomalous vein)

A

Scimitar syndrome (PAPVR draining to IVC)

49
Q

Advanced form of ASD/VSD/PDA wherein L-R shunt is decreased/reversed resulting to RVH and pulmo HPN

A

Eisenmenger physiology

49
Q

Most valuable roentgenographic view in assessing the cardiac chambers?

A

frontal projection

50
Q

(What makes up the upper third of the anterior cardiac border?)

A

RV outflow tract and root of the PA

51
Q

In pulmonary valve stenosis, which pulmonary artery does the flow of blood preferentially enter through a stenotic valve?

A

left PA (but expected findings are difficult to detect on plain films)

52
Q

In what region of the aorta can one best detect its smallness?

A

aortic knob

53
Q

Most difficult chamber to asses radiographically?

A

RA

54
Q

Which ventricular enlargement produces clockwise rotation of the heart?

A

RV

55
Q

Which ventricular enlargement produces counterclockwise rotation of the heart?

A

LV

56
Q

What is the only specific ancillary finding in the evaluation of CHD?

A

bilateral rib notching

57
Q

What is the only condition in which one sees a truly concave pulmonary artery in the face of generally increased pulmonary vascularity?

A

PTA

58
Q

Which type of aortic stenosis should you consider if there is poststenotic dilatation?

A

valvular

59
Q

Which pulmonary artery is most often the abnormal one in hemitruncus arteriosus?

A

right PA

60
Q

Which intercostal arteries are usually involved in the formation of collaterals in COA?

A

T4-T8 (therefore same lang sa rib notching tapos POSTERIOR ribs; pero kay Brant 3rd to 8th ribs siya haha)

61
Q

What are the only vascular abnormalities that produce isolated anterior tracheal compression?

A

anomalous INNOMINATE artery and anomalous LEFT COMMON CAROTID artery

61
Q

ing modalities Ductus arteriosus closure

A

functional - 1st 24 hours; anatomic - by 10 days

62
Q

Normal cardiothoracic ratio

A

0.5 - PA; 0.6 - AP

PBR 2 and 3 (41 decks)

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