(P4) Resp. Patho: Emphysema of the lung

Question 1

Identify:

Answer 1

Emphysema of the lung

1. ruptured alveoli
2. Pores of Kohn
3. coal dust (Smoking?)*
4. Hypertrophy of right ventricle —>right ventricular failure

Question 2

identify:

Answer 2

Question 3

Identify:

Answer 3

Emphysema of the lung

Question 4

Identify:

Answer 4

Emphysema of the lung

Question 5

Define

Pores of Kohn:

Answer 5

pores of Kohn

(also known as interalveolar connections

or

alveolar pores)

are discrete holes in walls of adjacent alveoli. Cuboidal type II alveolar cells, which produce surfactant, usually form part of aperture.

Question 6

name this lesion:

Define and Cause:

Answer 6

Emphysema of the lung

• -Dilation and destruction of the lung tissue distal to the terminal bronchioles*
• -Chronic lung disease characterized by permanent*
• enlargement of the airspaces*
• -Visible enlargement of the airspaces.*
• • major cause – cigarette smoking*
• (protease-antiprotease theory)*

Question 7

Define slide:

This lesion is result of what type of deficiency:

Answer 7

- Alpha-1 antitrypsin (α1-AT) deficiency – 1% cases

Question 8

Emphysema is classified according to ?

Answer 8

• Emphysema is classified according to the location of the lesions within the pulmonary acinus:
  1. Centriacinar (Centrilobular)
  2. Panacinar (Panlobular)

3. Paraseptal
4. Irregular

Question 9

• Protease - antiprotease theory*
• define:*

Answer 9

Protease - antiprotease theory:

The walls of acinus are destroyed when there is an imbalance between proteases and anti-proteases in the lung. Protease is an enzyme like elastase, which can digest connective tissue elements. Proteases are found throughout the body, especially in neutrophils and macrophages.