(P4) Cardiac: Kaposi’s sarcoma (the skin)

Question 1

Identify:

Answer 1

• Kaposi’s sarcoma (the skin)*
  1. Squamous cell epithelium

2. Keratinized layers
3. spindle cells
4. 1) chronic: skin/classic/European
   2) lymphadenophathic: endemic/African
   3) transplant associated/immunosuppression associated
   4) AIDS associated

Question 2

Identify and define:

Answer 2

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer that can form masses in the skin, lymph nodes, or other organs.

The skin lesions are usually purple in color. They can occur singly or in a limited area, or may be widespread. It may worsen either gradually or quickly. Lesions may be flat or raised.

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is found in the lesions of all those who are affected.

Risk factors include poor immune function, either as a result of disease or specific medications, and chronic lymphedema

Question 3

Q.

The most typical anatomical location of chronic (European) type of Kapsi Sarcoma is?

Answer 3

Skin of Lower Extremeties

Question 4

identify:

Q. Distinct clinical-pathological forms of this disease:

4 examples:

Answer 4

• Kaposi’s sarcoma (the skin)*
• 1. Chronic (classic, European)*
• 2. Lymphadenopathic (endemic, african)*
• 3. Transplant- associated with (immunosuppression)*
• 4. AIDS*

Question 5

Identify this slide:

and

Define this lesion:

Answer 5

Kaposi’s sarcoma (the skin)

• Malignant tumor derived from endothelial cells
• Common in parts of central Africa. AIDs related
• Tumor in the 6-7 decades of life (men 10x more than women)
• Widespread, multifocal lesion (related to the loss of immunity)

Question 6

identify slide:

and

what causes it?

Answer 6

Kaposi’s sarcoma (the skin)

Transplant – KS occurs typically several months or few years after the operation. This type of KS tends to

be aggressive

Some cases – infections with HHV-8 (also known as KS-associated herpes virus (KSHV))

Question 7

define this slide:

and

its Histological appearance:

Answer 7

The histologic appearance is highly variable

-One form resembles simple hemangioma (tightly packed clusters of capillaries),

and

in other forms the lesions are highly cellular*, and the *vascular spaces are less prominent – very difficult to

distinguish from fibro-sarcomas

Question 8

define slide;

and

how does this lesion begin?

Answer 8

The tumor begins as a painful purple or brown nodule in the skin, 1-3 cm in diameter. They occur most

often on the hands or feet, but may appear anywhere

Question 9

Define this slide

and

this tumor can resemble what other lesion?

Answer 9

Can resemble hemangioma – tightly packed clusters of capillaries

Question 10

identify this slide:

and

this tumor can be highly _____ and _____

Answer 10

• Kaposi’s sarcoma (the skin)*
• Tumor can be highly* cellular and vascular

Question 11

Kaposi’s sarcoma (the skin)

is difficult to distinguish from what other condition?

Answer 11

Spaces are less prominent (difficult to distinguish from fibro-sarcomas)

Question 12

Identify this slide

and provide stages of this lesion:

Answer 12

• Kaposi’s sarcoma (the skin)*
• Patch*
• Plaque*
• Nodule (spindle cells)*

Question 13

identify slide and provide different types:

Answer 13

Kaposi’s sarcoma (the skin)

Different types:

1. AIDs associated: Widespread, multifocal lesion

2. Transplant-associated: Immunosuppression- associated, - Aggressive, skin lesions may be absent

3. Chronic (classic): Sporadic tumor in the 6-7 decade of life, -Usually localized to the skin

4. Lymphadenopathic (African) – endemic

• Prevalent among Bantu children of south Africa
• Extremely aggressive – highly malignant

Question 14

Identify:

Answer 14

Question 15

identify:

Answer 15

Kaposi’s sarcoma (the skin)

Question 16

identify:

Answer 16