Ortho Flashcards
1
Q
Evaluation atteinte neurovasculaire + compartiment syndrome en regardant ? (6)
A
6P
- pain
- pallor
- pulselessness
- paresthesia
- paralysis
- poikilothermia
2
Q
PEC fracture:
- Conservatif si fracture … (2)
- Par
- Via Chirurgie si … (4)
- Par 2
A
-
Conservative fracture management
- Stable fractures
- pediatric fractures
- reduction → immobilization with a cast or splint
-
Surgical fracture management
- Open fractures
- Unstable fractures
- Severe displacements
- Inadequate manual reduction
- reduction of the fracture + fixation + immobilization
- External fixation
- Internal fixation
- reduction of the fracture + fixation + immobilization
3
Q
Complications fractures
- Court 4
- Long terme 4
A
-
Court
- Neurologic and vascular injury
- Compartment syndrome
- Infection
- Secondary dislocation
-
Long-term complications
- Avascular necrosis
- Post-traumatic osteoarthritis
- Complex regional pain syndrome
- Non union
4
Q
A VOIR
Immobilisation 6semaines
- Volkmann contracture: permanent shortening of the forearm muscles resulting in a claw-like deformity of the fingers, hand, and wrist; caused by atrophy of the flexors of the hand and fingers when casts are too tight
A
5
Q
Fracture pédiatrique
- Plus de fractures … ?(3)
- Atteinte de … que dans les fractures ped → nom classification
A
- Incomplète
- → greenstick fracture ++ diaphyse
- → fracture en motte de beurre ++ radius distal
- → bowing fracture
- Plateau croissance → Salter-Harris
6
Q
Fracture pédiatrique - Salter-Harris
- Age touché
- Site + atteint ?
- 5 Stades
- lequel + svt ?
A
- 11-12 filles 13-14 graçon
- Radius et humérus distal
- SALTER:
- S – straight across the joint (type I)
- A – above the joint (type II) ++++++
- L – lower (type III)
- TE – through everything (type IV)
- R – ruined or rammed (type V)
7
Q
Fracture pédiatrique - Salter-Harris
- TTT par stade
- Complications
A
-
TTT
-
types I and II
→ Closed reduction + immobilization in a cast → reevaluation after 7–10 days
→ Si severe dislocation or concomitant injury → surgical intervention -
Types III and IV
→ Open reduction is required, because affect the joint.
→ Internal fixation (osteosynthesis) using wires or traction screws, followed by immobilization with a cast. - Type V: Treatment depends on age of injury at diagnosis.
-
types I and II
- Complications
- Disruption of growth and bone deformity ++ types III–V
- Excessive limb growth (rare)
8
Q
Syndrome des loges
Long bone fractures. - Penetrating injuries. - Reperfusion syndrome with ischemia-reperfusion edema. - Burn edema/escare
- Patient à risque?
- Clinique = ? 6
Si abdo ? 5 - Diagnostic
- TTT 2
- Complications 4
A
- Etat de choc
- 6P Pain, Pallor, Paresthesias, Poikilothermia, Pulselessness, and Paralysis
Increased PVC, hypotension, tachycardia, progressive IR, and distended abdomen - ≥ 30 mm Hg ou ∆ Pdiastolic - P compartiment = ≤ 30mmHg
- Escarotomie / fasciotomie
- Compli
- Necrose des tissus
- Lésion nerveuse
- Rhabdomyolyse
- Contracture ischemie de Volkmann
9
Q
Fracture Clavicule
- clinique 3
- à l’examen vérifier quelle atteinte ? 2
- TTT 2
A
- Clin
- Epaule tombante
- Tante de la peau
- Raccourcissement de la clavicule
- Atteinte
- Aa subclaviculaire
- Plexus brachial
- TTT
- Maj conservatif → écharpe bras 4-6sem
- Chir si très déplacé / court
10
Q
Fracture de l’humérus
- Atteinte quel nerf lors fracture tier moyen ?
- TTT 2
- Complications 1.1 2.4
A
- The radial nerve runs through the radial sulcus of the upper arm and is especially at risk in fractures of the middle third (midshaft) of the humerus !
- TTT
- ø chir si fermé et pas déplacé
- Internal fixation plaque/vis or intramedullary implants si déplacement
- COmpli
- Brachial artery injury → Absent radial pulse
- Atteintes nerveuse
- axillaire
- radial/ulnaire/médian
11
Q
Fracture du radius distal
- Classifications ? 2
- TTT 1.2 2.2
A
- Classement
- Colles fracture
- Extension fracture → usually radially and dorsally displaced.
- Smith fracture
- Flexion fracture → radially and volarly displaced.
- Colles fracture
- TTT
-
Conservative therapy
- Closed reduction while applying longitudinal traction through the fingers
- Dorsal forearm splint/casting → removal after 6 weeks
-
Surgical therapy
- Open, significantly displaced, intra-articular, and/or unstable fractures
- Neurovascular damage
-
Conservative therapy
12
Q
Scaphoïde fracture
- Age incidence
- Clinique 3
- Diagnostic 1
- DDx 2
- TTT 2
- complications 2
A
- 15-19
- Clin :
- tombé en hyperextension
- dlr tabatière
- dlr si pince ou saisir
- Diagnostic
- XRay si
ø fracture IRM
fracture → CT déplacé = ostéosynthèse si non plâtre
- XRay si
- DDX :
- luxation lunatum
- luxation trans scapho-lunaire
- TTT
- si ø ou <1mm déplacé = immobilisation
- chir si > 1mm
- Compli
- ostéonécrose → Aa radiale
- non union
13
Q
Vertébrale fracture
- Age incidence
- type fracture
- Clinique 5
- Diagnostic 3
- DDx 1
- TTT 3.3
- complications 2
A
- femme post ménopause → ostéoporose
- Classification → +++ compression
- Clin :
- Local pain on pressure, percussion, and compression
- Palpable disruption vertebral process alignment
- Paravertebral hematoma
- Weakness or numbness/tingling
- Neurogenic shock
- Diagnostic
- XRay
- CT
- IRM ++ si suspicion lésion ME
- DDX :
- Distorsion cervicale
- TTT
- ± intubation / collier cervical
- Conservatif si stable
- chir : spondylodèse / vertébroplasite / cyphoplastie
- Compli
- lésion ME
- atteinte vasculaire
14
Q
Hanche fracture
- Etio
- type fracture 1.2. - 2.3
- Clinique
- nuque 2
- intertroch 2
- Diagnostic 1
- TTT
- nuque 2
- intertroch 1. - 2.3
- complications 2
A
- PÂ, métastase / jeune haute vélocité
- Classification
-
Intracapsular
- Femoral head
- Femoral neck
-
Extracapsular
- Trochanteric
- Intertrochanteric
- Subtrochanteric
-
Intracapsular
- Clin :
-
Nuque
- Groin(aine) pain
- Shortened and externally rotated leg
-
Intertroch
- Hip pain and swelling
- Shortened and externally rotated leg
-
Nuque
- Diagnostic
- XRay
- TTT
-
Nuque
- Stable = conservatif = repos + Anticoa
- instable → PÂ = PTH / Jeune = fixation interne par réduction
- Intertroch
- Nonsurgical approach for high risk patients
- Surgery
- Dynamic hip screw 2 vices → si stable
- Intramedullary → stable or unstable, into subtrochanteric region, or reverse oblique fractures
- Arthroplasty → comminuted fractures / other modalities fail.
-
Nuque
- Compli
- Nerf sciatique si fracture tête
- Nécrose tête fémorale
15
Q
Fracture Diaphyse fémorale
- Etio
- Classification 1
- Clinique 4
A
- Haute vélocité
- Classification → Winquist-Hansen
- Clin :
- Painfully swollen, tense thigh
- Restricted range of motion
- Signs of fracture (e.g., shortening, deformity)
- Crepitus and distal neurovascular deficits
16
Q
Fracture Diaphyse fémorale
- Diagnostic 1
- TTT 3.3
- complications 2
A
- Diagnostic
- XRay
- TTT
- Stabilization, analgesia, and open fracture management
- Attelle and traction
- Surgery
- Intramedullary rod via an interlocking nail (antegrade nailing): treatment of choice
- External fixation with conversion to intramedullary nail within 2–3 weeks
- Compli
- de base +
- déformation / myosite ossifiante