Organisation & histology of the nervous system WK4 L4 Flashcards
WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN ANATOMICAL SUB DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM & PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
WHAT IS THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM COMPOSED OF?
BRAIN & SPINAL CHORD ENCOLSED IN BONY COVERINGS
WHAT IS THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM COMPOSED OF?
ALL NERVOUS SYSTEM EXCLUDING BRAIN AND SPINAL CHORD - NERVES & GANGLIA
WHAT IS A NERVE?
BUNDLES OF AXONS IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE
WHAT IS GANGLIA?
SWELLINGS OF CELL BODIES IN A NERVE
WHAT ARE THE SUBSECTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?
SENSORY DIVISION & MOTOR DIVISION
WHAT DOES THE SENSORY DIVISION DO?
SENDS SENSORY INFORMATION TO CNS - RECEPTOR
WHAT ARE THE TWO PARTS OF THE SENSORY DIVISION?
VISCERAL & SOMATIC SENSORY
WHAT IS THE VISCERAL SENSORY DIVISION?
CARRIES SIGNALS FROM THE VISCERA OF THORACIC AND ABDOMINAL CAVITIES
WHAT IS THE SOMATIC SENSORY DIVISION?
CARRIES SIGNALS FROM RECEPTORS IN SKIN, MUSCLES, JOINTS, BONES
WHAT DOES THE MOTOR DIVISION DO?
COMPLETES MOTOR COMMANDS RECEIVED FROM CNS - EFFECTOR
WHAT ARE THE TWO PARTS OF THE MOTOR DIVISON?
VISCERAL & SOMATIC MOTOR
WHAT IS THE VISCERAL MOTOR DIVISION?
CARRIES SIGNALS TO GLANDS, CARDIAC MUSCLE & SMOOTH MUSCLE
WHAT IS THE SOMATIC MOTOR DIVISION?
CARRIES SIGNALS TO SKELETAL MUSCLES
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONAL CLASSES OF NEURONS?
SENSORY - INTERNEURONS - MOTOR
WHAT DO SENSORY NEURONS DO?
DETECT CHANGED INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF BODY - INFORMATION TRANSMITTED INTO BRAIN OR SPINAL CHORD
WHAT DO INTERNEURONS DO?
PROCESS, STORE & RETRIEVE INFORMATION - SITS BETWEEN SENSORY AND MOTOR PATHWAYS IN CNS - 90% OF OUR NEURONS ARE INTERNEURONS
WHAT DO MOTOR NEURONS DO?
SENDS SIGNALS OF TO MUSCLES AND GLANDS - ORGANS INNERVATED BY MOTOR NEURONS THETA CARRY OUT RESPONSES ARE CALLED EFFECTORS
WHAT IS THE CELL BODY OF A NEURON CALLED?
SOMA OR PERIKARYON
WHAT IS IN THE CELL BODY OF A NEURON?
NUCLEUS AND MOST ORGANELLES
WHAT ARE THE NEURONS CALLED IN THE CNS?
NUCLEI
WHAT ARE THE NEURONS CALLED IN THE PNS?
GANGLIA
DENDRITES
WHAT DO THE DENDRITES DO?
RECIEVES INCOMING SIGNALS
SOMA (CELL BODY)
WHAT DOES THE CELL BODY DO?
HOLD NUCELUS AND ORGANELLS
AXON HILLOCK
WHAT DOES THE AXON HILLOCK DO?
PROPEGATES AND PRODUCES THE SIGNAL THAT GETS SENT
AXON
WHAT DOES THE AXON DO?
CARRIERS THE NERVE SIGNALS ACROSS CELL
SYNAPTIC TERMINALS
WHAT DO THE SYNAPTIC TERMINALS DO?
COMUNICATES WITH CELLS/MUSCLES/GLANDS
ARE NEURONS MYLENATED?
YES
WHAT DOES THE MYELIN SHEATH DO?
PROTECTS THE SIGNAL TRAVELLING ALONG THE NEURON -
WHAT ARE THE GLIA TYPES IN THE CNS?
OLIGODENDROCYTES - ASTROCYTES - EPENDYMAL - MICROGLIA
WHAT DO THE OLIGODENDROCYTES DO?
MEYLIN SHEATH THAT WRAPS AROUND NEURONS IN CNS TO MEYLINATE THEM AND CONNECTS TO OTHER NEURONS
WHAT DO THE ASTROCYTES DO?
INVOLVED IN BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER - REGULATES WHAT DOES AND DOES NOT GO INTO THE BLOOD STREAM SURROUNDING THE BRAIN - REGULATES EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
WHAT DO THE EPENDYMAL CELLS DO?
PRODUCE CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID WITHIN BRAIN VENTRICLES
WHAT DOES THE MICROGLIA DO?
IMMUNE CELLS OF CNS
WHAT ARE THE GLIA TYPES IN THE PNS?
SCHWANN CELLS - SATELLITE CELLS
WHT DO THE SCHWANN CELLS DO?
MEYLIN SHEATH THAT WRAPS AROUND NEURONS IN PNS TO MEYLINATE THEM
WHAT DO THE SATELLITE CELLS DO?
MEYLINATE THE CELL BODY IN PNS - REGULATES EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
WHAT ARE NEURONS IN THE PNS CALLED?
GANGLIA
WHAT ARE NEURONS IN THE CNS CALLED?
CELL BODIES
