Biological Molecules WK2 L4 Flashcards
WHAT ARE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS?
COMPUNDS CONTAINING CARBON
WHAT ARE THE 4 PRIMARY CATEGORIES OF OF ORGANIC COMPOUND?
CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACID
HOW MANY VALENCE ELECTRONS DOES CARBON HAVE?
4
WHAT IS A PROTEIN MADE UP OF?
A CHAIN OF AMINO ACIDS
WHAT ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS (MONOMER) FOR PROTEINS?
AMINO ACIDS
WHAT ARE AMINO ACIDS MADE FROM?
CENTRA CARBON ATOM - CARBOXYL GROUP - AMINO GROUP - HYDROGEN
WHAT ARE SIDE CHAINS AND HOW MANY ARE THERE?
AROUND 20 DIFFRENT TYPES OF AMINO ACIDS
HOW MANY AMINO ACID STRUCTURES ARE THERE?
4 - PRIMARY - SECONDARY - TERTIARY - QUARTERNARY
WHAT IS THE POLYMER IN AMINO ACIDS?
THE FINAL PROTEIN STRUCTURE
WHAT ARE THE AMINO ACIDS PRIMARY STRUCTURE SHAPES?
BETA PLEATED - ALPHA HELIX
WHAT IS A TERTIARY STRUCTURE?
THE AMINO ACID CHAINS IN 3 DIMENSIONAL SPACE
WHAT IS A QUATERNARY STRUCTURE?
MULTIPLE AMINO ACID TERTIARY STRUCTURES TOGETHER
WHAT IS AN ENZYME?
A PROTEIN THAT DOES THINGS NON STOP
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF AN ENZYME?
TO SPEED UP METABOLISM AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS ON THE BODY
WHAT IS DENATURING?
WHEN THE ENZYME IS NO LONGER ACTIVE/FUNCTIONING DUE TO INCORRECT PH LEVELS OR EXTREME HEAT
WHAT ARE CARBOHYDRATES MADE OF?
CARBON - HYDROGEN - OXYGEN
WHAT IS THE GENERAL FORMULA OF CARBOHYDRATES?
(CH2O)N
WHAT IS THE ROOT WORD OF CARBOHYDRATES?
SACCHAR
(MONOSACCHARIDE)
WHAT IS THE SUFFIX OF CARBOHYDRATES?
OSE
(GLUCOSE)
ARE CARBOHYDRATES HYDROPHILIC OR HYDROPHOBIC?
HYDROPHILIC
WHAT ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS (MONOMER) FOR CARBOHYDRATES?
MONOSACCHARIDES
WHAT ARE MONOSACCHARIDES?
SMALL SIMPLE SUGARS
WHAT ARE THE MAJOR MONOSACCHARIDES?
GLUCOSE, GALACTOSE, FRUCTOSE
WHAT ARE POLYSACCHARIDES?
LONG CHAINS OF GLUCOSE
WHAT ARE DISSACHARIDES?
SUGAR MOLECULES COMPOSED OF 2X MONOSACHARIDES
WHAT ARE MAJOR DISSACHARIDES?
SUCROSE - GLUCOSE & FRUCTOSE
LACTOSE - GLUCOSE & GALACTOSE
MALTOSE - GLUCOSE & GLUCOSE
WHAT ARE THE 3X POLYSACCHARIDES IN HUMANS?
GLYCOGEN, STARCH, CELLULOSE
WHAT ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS (MONOMER) FOR LIPIDS?
FATTY ACIDS & GLYCEROL
WHAT ARE FATY ACIDS?
A CHAIN OF CARBON WITH HYDROGEN ATTACHED TO EACH SIDE
WHAT TYPES OF FATTY ACIDS ARE THERE?
SATURATED AND UNSATURDATED
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO FATTY ACIDS?
THE SATURATED HAS A DOUBLE HYDROGEN BOND
WHAT IS GLYCEROLE?
AN ALCOHOL WITH 3 CARBONS, 5 HYDROGENS & 3 HYDROXYL
WHAT ARE PHOSPHOLIPIDS MADE OF?
PHOSPHATE - GLYCEROLE - SATURATED FATTY ACIDS
WHAT DO THE PHOSPHOLIPIDS DO?
WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS?
DNA - RNA
WHAT ARE NUCLEIC ACIDS MADE OF?
A CHAIN OF NUCLEOTIDES
WHAT ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS (MONOMER) FOR NUCLEIC ACIDS?
NUCLEOTIDE
WHAT ARE NUCLEOTIDES MADE OF?
PHOSPHATE - SUAGR - BASE
HOW MANY BASE TYPES OF NUCLEOTIDES ARE THERE AND WHAT ARE THEY?
5 TYPES - A - T - C - G - U
WHAT IS DNA?
POLYMER COMPOSED OF 2 POLYNUCLEOTIDES THAT COIL AROUND FORMING A DOUBLE HELIX
WHICH BASE LETTERS DOES DNA USE?
A - T - C - G
WHAT IS RNA?
WHICH BASE LETTERS DOES RNA USE?
A - C - G - U