Immune system 1 - Innate Immunity WK9 L3 Flashcards
WHAT ARE PATHIGENS?
DISEASE CAUSING MICRO ORGANISIMS
WHAT ARE NON PATHOGENS?
MICROBES THAT DO NTO CAUSE DISEASE
WHAT DOES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM CONSIST OF?
A WIDELY DISTRIBUTED POPULATION OF CELLS THAT INHABIT ORGANS IN THE BODY
DIVERSE CHEMICALS WHICH PRODUCE TO NEUTRALISE AND DESTROY PATHIEGNS
PHYSICAL BARRIERS TO STOP PATHOGEN INVASION
PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES LIKE FEVER AND INFLAMATION
HOW MANY LINES OF DEFENSE DOES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM HAVE?
3
WHAT ARE THE THREE LINES OF DEFENSE?
EPITHELIAL BARRIERS AND SECRETIONS
PROTECTION AGAINST PATHOGENS THAT BREAK THROUGH EXTRENAL BARRIERS
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
WHAT ARE THE EPITHELIAL BARRIERS AND SECRETIONS?
SKIN AND MUCCOUS MEMBRANES WHICH ARE IMPENITRIBLE TO MOST OF THE PATHOGENS THAT ATTACK THE BODY
WHAT IS THE PROTECTION AGAINST PATHOGENS THAT BREAK THROUGH EXTRENAL BARRIERS?
INCLUSIVE OF LEUKACYTES, MACROPHAGES, ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS, NATURAL KILLER CELLS, FEVER AND INFLAMATION
WHAT IS THE PROTECTION AGAINST PATHOGENS THAT BREAK THROUGH EXTRENAL BARRIERS?
INCLUSIVE OF LEUKACYTES, MACROPHAGES, ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS, NATURAL KILLER CELLS, FEVER AND INFLAMATION
WHAT IS ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY?
GROUP OF MECHANISMS THAT DEFEAT A SPECIFIC PATHOGEN AND LEAVE THE BODY WITH MEMORY WHICH ENABLE THE BODY TO DEFEAT FUTURE PATHIGENS AND CAUSE NO ILLNESS
WHAT ARE THE CATEGORIES OF MACHANISIM DEFENSE?
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY AND INNATE IMMUNITY
WHAT DOES INNATE IMMUNITY CONSIST OF?
DEFENCES WE ARE BORN WITH THAT PROTEC THE BDY FROM A BROAD SPECTRUM OF DISESASE AGENTS
WHAT DOES ADPATIVE IMMUNITY CONSIST OF?
CONSTITUTES THE THIRD LINE OF DEFENCE - MEMORISES ENCOUNTERED PATHOGENS AND ADAPTS THE BODY TO THE PATHOGEN SO WE BECOME LESS VULNERABLE THE NEXT TIME WE ENCOUNTER THE SAME PATHOGEN
WHAT IS DIFFRENT ABOUT INNATE IMMUNITY?
TARGETS PATHGENS AT POINF OF INVASION
ACTS OUT AGAINST A BROAD SPECTRUM OF PATHOGENS
LACKS IMMUNITY MEMORY
WHAT IS DIFFRENT ABOUT INNATE IMMUNITY?
TARGETS PATHGENS AT POINF OF INVASION
ACTS OUT AGAINST A BROAD SPECTRUM OF PATHOGENS
LACKS IMMUNITY MEMORY
WHAT DEFENCES DOES INNATE IMMUNITY HAVE?
PROTECITVE PROTEINS LIKE KERATIN, INTERFERONS, AND COMPLEMENT
PROTECTIVE CELLS LIKE NEUTROPHILS AND MACROPHAGES
PROTECTIVE PROCESSES LIKE FEVER AND INFLAMATION
WHAT IS DIFFRENT ABOUT APAPTIVE IMMUNITY?
ACTS THROGUHOUT THE BODY TO DEFEAT PATHOGEN WHERE ITS FOUND, NOT AT THE ENTRY SITE
PATHOGEN SPECIFIC
HAS IMMUNITY MEMORY
WHAT DEFENCES DOES ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY HAVE?
EMPLOYS LYMPHOCYTES
HUMORAL IMMUNITY FROM FROM ANTIBODIES MADE BY B CELLS
CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY FROM T CELLS
WHAT ARE THE MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL BARRIERS OF DEFENSE?
SKIN FEATURES THAT AID IN DEFENCE
MUCOUS MEMBRANES PROTECT DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
AREOLAR TISSUES BENEATH THE SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES CONTAIN HYALOURONIC ACID
WHAT ARE THE SKIN FEATURES THAT AID IN DEFENCE?
SKIN COMPOSED OF MAINLY KERATIN WHICH IS HARD FOR PATHOGENS TO PENETRATE
MICROORGANISMS ARE PASSED OF AS SKIN IS SHED
SKIN IS DRY AND POOR IN NUTRIENTS THAT LIMITS MICROBIAL GROWTH
COATED IN DIVERSE ANTOMICROBIAL CHEMICALS
SWEAT AND SEBUM CREATE ACIDIC ENVIRONMNT WHICH INHIBITS GROWTH
SKIN PRODUCED PEPTIDES DESTROY PATHOGENS
SKIN DEFENSE IS HIGHTENED BY VITAMIN D
WHT IS THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES PROTECTION FOR THE DIGESTIVE, RESPIRATORY, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE TRACT TO AID DEFENSE?
THE STICKY MUCOUS INSIDE TRACTS TRAPS MICROORGANISIMS
IN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM THE MUCOUS IS REMOVED BY THE CILIA TO THE PHARYNX TO BE SWALLOWED AND DESTROYED BY STOMACH ACIDS
PATHOGENS FLUSHED FROM UPPER DIGESTIVE TRACT BY SALIVA AND FRROM LOWER URINARY TRACT BY URINE
MUCUS TEARS AND SALIVA CONTAIN LYSOZOME WHICH DESTROYS BACTERIA BY DISOLVING THE CELLS WALL
WHAT DOES THE AREOLAR TISSUES BENEATH THE SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES CONTAIN HYALOURONIC ACID DO TO AID DEFENSE?
DIFFICULT FOR MICROORGANISMS TO PASS THROUGH THE STICKY GEL
SOME PATHIGENS PRODUCE HYALURONIDASE AIDING OF INVASION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
WHAT ARE ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS?
PROTEINS TAHT CIRCULATE ON THE BLOOD THAT ASSIT WITH KILLING PATHOGENS