Capillaries & fluid exchange, venous return, special circuits WK9 L1

Question 1

WHAT MOVES ACROSS CAPILLARY WALLS?

Answer 1

GASES
FOOD NUTRIENTS
WATER
WASTE

Question 2

HOW MANY WAYS CAN MOLECULES MOVE ACROSS THE CAPILLARY WALL?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

WHAT ARE THE 4 WAYS THE MOLECULES MOVE ACROSS THE CAPILLARY WALL?

Answer 3

DIFFUSION THROUGH LIPID BILAYER OF PLASMA MEMBRANE
THROUGH INTERCELLULAR CLEFTS
THROUGH FILTRATION PORES
VIA VESSICLES

Question 4

WHAT MOLECULES CAN DIFFUSE THROUGH THE LIPID BILAYER?

Answer 4

02, C02, STEROID HORMONES

Question 5

WHAT MOLECULES CAN GO THROUGH THE INTERCELLULAR CLEFTS?

Answer 5

WATER SOLUBLE SOLUTES - ELECTROLYTES, AMINO ACIDS, GLUCOES

Question 6

WHAT MOLECULES CAN GO THROUGH THE FILTRATION PORES?

Answer 6

WATER SOLUBLE SOLUTES - ELECTROLYTES, AMINO ACIDS, GLUCOSE

Question 7

WHAT MOLECULES CAN ENTER VIA VESSICLES?

Answer 7

LARGER MOLECULES - PROTEINS, INSULIN, ALBUMIN

Question 8

WHEN IS FLUID DRIVEN OUT OF THE BLOOD?

Answer 8

WHEN THE BLOOD IS IN THE CAPILLARY BEDS FROM HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

Question 9

WHEN IS FLUID DRIVEN INTO THE BLOOD?

Answer 9

WHEN THE BLOOD ENTERS THE VERY END OF THE CAPILLARY BEDS AND THE PRESSURE IS VERY LOW FROM THE WATER DECREASING IN BLOOD SO OSMOTIC COLLOID PRESSURE DRAWS FLUID BACK IN

Question 10

WHAT ARE THE MECHANISMS OF VEINOUS RETRUN?

Answer 10

PRESSURE GRADIENT
GRAVITY
SKELETAL MUSCLE PUMP IN LIMBS
THORASIC PUMP
CARDIAC SUCTION

Question 11

HOW DOES THE PRESSURE GRADIENT WORK DURING VEINOUS RETURN?

Answer 11

PRESSURE IN VEINS GET LOWER AS BLOOD TRAVELS TO HEART - VASOCONTRICTION INCREASES PRESSURE

Question 12

HOW DOES GRAVITY WORK DURING VEINOUS RETURN?

Answer 12

GRAVITY DRAINS BLOOD FROM HEAD AND NECK - IF LIMBS ELEVATED OR YOU LAY FLAY VEINOUS RETURN WILL INCREASE - POSTURE EFFECTS VEINOUS RETURN

Question 13

HOW DO THE SKELETAL MUSCLE PUMPS IN LIMBS WORK DURING VEINOUS RETURN?

Answer 13

VEINS NEXT TO SKELETAL MUSCLES WILL CONTRACT WHEN THE MUSCLE CONTRACTS TO PUMP BLOOD BACK TO HEART THROUGH ONE WAY VALVES

Question 14

HOW DOES THE THORASIC PUMP WORK DURING VEINOUS RETURN?

Answer 14

DURING INHALATION THORASIC CAVITY EXPANDS WHICH DECREASES PRESSURE - THE ABDOMINAL PRESSURE THEN INCREASES DUE TO DIAPHRAM MOVING TO WHICH DECREASES SPACE OF ABDOMINAL CAVITY - THIS THE FORCES THE BLOOD UPWARDS DUE TO A SQUEEZINF EFFECT O INFERIOR VENA CAVA

Question 15

HOW DOES CARDIAC SUCTION WORK DURING VEINOUS RETURN?

Answer 15

HAPPENS DURING DIASTOLE - THE RAPID ENLARGEMENT OF VENTRICULAR CAVITY CREATES FALL IN INTRAVENICULAR PRESSURE ACTS TO SUCK IN BLOOD FROM THE GREAT VEINS

Question 16

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN VEINOUS RETURN MECHANISMS DO NOT OCCUR?

Answer 16

BLOOD POOLS
VEINOUS PRESSURE IS NOT HIGH ENOUGH TO FORCE BLOOD UPWARDS
BLOOD CLOTS MAY FORM

Question 17

WHAT ARE THE PULMONARY VESSELS ENTERING AND LEAVING THE HEART?

Answer 17

R AND L ATRIUM 
R AND L VENTRICLES
R AND L PULMONARY ARTERIES
R AND L PULMONARY VEINS 
3 LOBAR ARTERIES TO R LUNG 
2 LOBAR ARTERIES TO L LUNG 
PULMONARY TRUNK 
AORTIC ARCH

Question 18

WHAT DO THE SYSTEMIC ARTERIES DO?

Answer 18

TAKING OXYGENTAED BLOOD FROM LEFT SIDE OF HEART DELIVERING IT TO TISSUES

Question 19

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR BRANCHES OF THE AORTA?

Answer 19

AORTIC BRANCH
ASCENDING AORTA
DESCENDING AORTA

Question 20

WHAT BRANCHES OF THE ASCENDING AORTA?

Answer 20

RIGHT AND LEFT CORONARY ARTERIES THAT SUPPLY HEART

Question 21

WHAT BRANCHES OF THE DESCENDING AORTA?

Answer 21

THORASIC AORTA ABOVE DIAPHRAM

ABDOMINAL AORTA BELOW DIAPHRAM

Question 22

WHAT BRANCHES OF THE AORTIC BRANCH?

Answer 22

BRACHICEPHALIC TRUNK WHICH BRANCHES INTO THE
R COMMON CAROTID ARTERY SUPPLIES BLOOD TO R SIDE OF HEAD AND
R SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY SUPPLIES BLOOD TO R SHOULDER AND UPPER LIMBS
L COMMON CAROTID ARTERY SUPPLIES BLOOD TO L SIDE OF HEAD
L SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY SUPPLIES BLOOD TO L SHOULDER AND UPPER LIMBS

Question 23

WHAT ARE THE ARTERIES OF THE UPPER LIMB?

Answer 23

R SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY 
AXIILLARY ARTERY 
BRACHIAL ARTERY 
RADIAL ARTERY
ULNAR ARTERY 
PALMAR ARCHES DEEP AND SUPERFICIAL

Question 24

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR BRANCHES OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA?

Answer 24

CELIAC TRUNK
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY 
RENAL ARTERY
INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY 
COMMON ILIAC

Question 25

WHAT ARE THE ARTERIES OF THE LOWER LIMB?

Answer 25

COMMON ILIAC ARTERY
INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY
EXRENAL ILIAC ARTERY
FEMORAL ARTERY
DEEP FEMEROL ARTERY
ANTERIOR TIBIA ARTERY
POSTERIOR TIBIA ARTERY

Question 26

WHAT ARE THE SUPERFICIAL VEINS OF THE HED AND NECK?

Answer 26

EXTRENAL JUGULAR VEIN
INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
SUBCLAVIAN VEIN
BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN
AXILLARY VEIN

Question 27

WHAT ARE THE DEEP VEINS OF THE UPPER LIMBS?

Answer 27

SUBCALVAIN VEIN
AXILLARY VEIN
BRACHIAL VEIN
RADIAL VEIN
ULNAR VEIN

Question 28

WHAT ARE THE SUPERFICIAL VEINS OF THE UPPER LIMBS?

Answer 28

CEPHALIC VEIN
BASILIC VEIN
MEDIAN VEIN

Question 29

WHAT IS THE SUPERIOR VENA CAVA AND TRIBUTARIES?

Answer 29

R AND L RENAL VEIN
COMMON ILIAC VEIN
EXTERNAL ILIAC VEIN
INTERNAL ILIAC VEIN

Question 30

WHAT ARE THE VEINS OF THE HAPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM?

Answer 30

HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
INFERIOR VENA CAVA VEIN
INFERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN

Question 31

WHAT ARE THE DEEP VEINS OF THE LOWER LIMBS?

Answer 31

INFERIOR VENA CAVA VEIN
EXTERNAL ILIAC VEIN
INTERNAL ILIAC VEIN 
FEMORAL VEIN
GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN 
POPETIAL VEIN 
POSTERIOR TIBIA

Question 32

WHAT ARE THE SUPERFICIAL VEINS OF THE LOWER LIMBS?

Answer 32

INFERIOR VENA CAVA VEIN
EXTERNAL ILIAC VEIN
INTERNAL ILIAC VEIN 
FEMORAL VEIN
GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN 
SMALL SAPHENOUS VEIN 
POPETIAL VEIN 
POSTERIOR TIBIA 
ANTERIOR TIBIA