Atomic Structure WK2 L1 Flashcards
WHAT THE SMALLEST INDIVIDUAL UNIT WE CAN DIVIDE DOWN TO AND STILL HAVE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES?
ATOM
WHAT IS THE ATOMS INNER DENSE AREA CALLED?
NUCELUS
WHAT IS OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS?
A WHOLE LOT OF SPACE
WHAT ARE THE PARTICLES ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE ATOM?
ELECTRONS
WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN PARTICLES INSIDE A NUCLEUS?
PROTONS AND NEUTRONS
WHICH PARTICLES ARE POSITIVELY CHARGED?
PROTONS
WHICH PARTICLES HAVE HO CHARGE?
NEUTRONS
WHICH PARTICLE INSIDE THE NUCLEUS DEFINES AN ELEMENT?
PROTON
HOW ARE ELEMENTS DEFINED?
BY THE AMOUNT OF PROTONS IT HAS
WHAT IS THE NUMBER THAT DEFINES AN ELEMENT CALLED?
THE ATOMIC NUMBER
HOW IS THE MASS NUMBER CALCULATED?
BY THE AMOUNT OF PROTONS AND AVERAGE NEUTRONS THE ATOM ADDED TOGETHER
WHY ARE ATOMIC MASSES NOT WHOLE NUMBERS?
THERE IS A VARIATION OF THE NUMBER OF NEUTRONS IN EACH ELEMENT DEPENDING ON ISOTOPES
WHAT IS THE VARIATION OF THE NUMBER OF NEUTRONS IN EACH ELEMENT CALLED?
ISOTOPES
WHAT IS AN ELECTRON SHELL?
LAYERS OF SHELL THAT KEEP THE ELECTRONS IN AN ORGANISED PATTERN
WHY ARE ELECTRON SHELLS IMPORTANT?
THEY INFLUENCE HOW INDIVIDUAL ATOMS REACT CHEMICALLY WITH ANOTHER ATOM
WHAT ARE ELECTRON BONDS?
WHERE ELECTRON SHELLS CONNECT TOGETHER TO BOND
HOW ARE THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS DETERMINED?
BY THE AMOUNT OF PROTONS WITHIN THE ATOM
WHAT ARE THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN EACH ELECTRON SHELL?
WHAT IS THE OUTMOST ELECTRON SHELL LAYER CALLED?
VALENCE SHELL
WHAT DOES THE VALENCE SHELL DO?
DETERMINES HOW THINGS DO AND DONT REACT AND FORM CHEMICAL BONDS WITH OTHER ATOMS
WHAT ARE ISOTOPES?
A VARIANT OF AN ELEMENT THAT DIFFERS BY THE AMOUNT OF NEUTRONS
WHAT ARE RADIOISOTOPES?
AN ISOTOPE WITH AN UNSTABLE NUCLEUS
WHAT DOES THE PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE OF RADIOISOTOPES MEAN?
THE TIME REQUIRED FOR 50% TO DECAY TO A STABLE STATE
WHAT DOES THE BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE OF RADIOISOTOPES MEAN?
THE TIME REQUIRED FOR 50% TO DISAPPEAR FROM THE BODY
WHAT ARE IONS?
AN ATOM WITH A NET CHARGE
UNEVEN NUMBER OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS
WHAT IS IONISATION?
THE TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS FROM ONE ATOM TO ANOTHER
WHAT ARE ANIONS?
AN ION WITH A NEGATIVE CHARGE
WHAT ARE CATIONS?
AN ION WITH A POSITIVE CHARGE
WHAT ARE ELECTROLYTES
SOMETHING THATS TURNS INTO AN ION (GETS A CHARGE) WHEN ITS PUT INTO WATER
(THE FLOW OF IONS)
WHAT DO ELECTROLYTES DO TO THE BODY?
HELPS THE BODY REGULATE CHEMICAL REACTIONS & MAINTAINS FLUID BALANCE BETWEEN CELLS INSIDE & OUTSIDE THE BODY
WHAT ARE FREE RADICALS?
ATOMS WITH AN UNPAORED ELECTRON IN VALENCE SHELL
WHAT DO FREE RADICALS DO TO THE BODY?
STEAL ELECTRONS FROM OTHER ATOMS DESTROYING CELLS CAUSING CELLULAR INJURY
WHAT ARE ANTIOXIDANTS?
CHEMICALS THAT NEUTRALISE ACTIONS OF FREE RADICALS
WHAT DO ANTIOXIDANTS DO TO THE BODY?
PREVENTS THE FORMATION OF RADICALS, & PROMOTES RADICAL DECOMPOSITION
WHAT IS RADIOACTIVE DECAY
WHEN AN UNSTABLE NUCLEUS SPITS OUT PROTONS IR NEUTRONS TO REARRANGE
WHY DOES A NUCLEUS BECOME UNSTABLE?
BY HAVING TO MANY PROTONS OR TO MANY NEUTRONS MAKING THE NUECLEAR FORCES UNSTABLE
ARE PROTONS POSITIVE OR NEGATIVELY CHARGED?
POSITIVELY
ARE NEUTRONS POSITIVE OR NEGATIVELY CHARGED?
NEITHER - THEY ARE NEUTRAL
ARE ELECTRONS POSITIVE OR NEGATIVELY CHARGED?
NEGATIVELY
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY
THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS
