Blood flow and cardiac cycle WK8 L2

Question 1

WHAT IS THE BLOOD PRESSURE CUFF MEASURING?

Answer 1

LAMINAR FLOW

Question 2

WHAT IS LAMINAR FLOW?

Answer 2

BLOOD FLOW IN ORDERED PARALELL LINES IN THE ARTERIES

Question 3

WHAT IS HIGH VISCOSITY OF BLOOD?

Answer 3

THICK

Question 4

WHAT IS LOW VISCOSITY OF BLOOD?

Answer 4

THINNED OUT

Question 5

WHAT IS THE CARDIAC CYCLE?

Answer 5

1 COMPLETED CONTRACTION (SYSTOLE) AND RELAXATION (DIASTOLE) OF THE 4 CHAMBERS OF THE HEART

Question 6

HOW MANY PHASES OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE IS THERE?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

WHAT IS THE 1ST PHASE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE?

Answer 7

RELAXATION:
VENTRICULAR FILLING
DIASTASIS
ATRIAL SYSTOLE

Question 8

WHAT IS VENTRICULAR FILLING?

Answer 8

AV VALVES FIRST OPEN

Question 9

WHAT IS DIASTASIS ?

Answer 9

SUSTAINED LOWER PRESSURE

VENOUS RETURN

Question 10

WHAT IS ATRIAL SYSTOLE?

Answer 10

FILLING COMPLETED BY ATRIAL CONTRACTION
VENTRICLES NOW CONTAIN END DIASTOLIC VOLUME OF ABOUT 130 ML OF BLOOD
P WAVE JUST BEFORE ATRIAL SYSTOLE

Question 11

WHAT IS THE 2ND PHASE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE?

Answer 11

ISOVOLUMETRIC PRESSURE INCREASE:

ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION OF VENTRICLES

Question 12

WHAT HAPPENS DURING ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION OF THE VENTRICLES?

Answer 12

ATRIAL REPOLARIZE AND RELAX 
VENTRICLE DEPOLARIZE
QRS COMPLEX IN ECG
VENTRICLES CONTRACT
RISING PRESSURE CLOSES AV VALVE
NO EJECTION OF BLOOD YET

Question 13

WHAT IS THE 3RD PHASE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE?

Answer 13

VENTRICULAR BLOOD EJECTION

Question 14

WHAT HAPPENS DURING VENTRICULAR EJECTION?

Answer 14

RISING PRESSURE OPENS SEMI LUNAR VALVES
RAPID EJECTION OF BLOOD
FOLLOWED BY REDUCED EJECTION OF BLOOD
STROKE VOLUME AMOUNT EJECTED (EJECTS 70 MLS)
END SYSTOLIC VOLUME (BLOOD LEFT IN HEART 60 MLS)
T WAVE LATE IN PHASE

Question 15

WHAT IS THE 4TH PHASE OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE?

Answer 15

ISOVOLUMETRIC RELAXATION OF VENTRICLES

Question 16

WHAT IS ISOVOLUMETRIC RELAXATION OF THE VENTRICLES?

Answer 16

THE RELAXATION OF VENTRICLES WITHOUT BLOOD FILLING UP

Question 17

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE LEFT VENTRICLE PUMPS LESS BLOOD THAN THE RIGHT?

Answer 17

BLOOD PRESSURE BACKS UP INTO LUNGS AND FLUID BACKS UP AND FILLS LUNG TISSUE CAUSING PULMONARY OEDEMA

Question 18

WHAT CAN CAUSE PULMONARY OEDEMA?

Answer 18

LEFT VENTRICLE FAILURE

Question 19

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE RIGHT VENTRICLE PUMPS LESS BLOOD THAN THE LEFT?

Answer 19

PRESSURE BACKS UP IN SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION AND FLUID BACKS UP AND FILLS SYSTEMIC TISSUES CAUSING SYSTEM OEDEMA

Question 20

WHAT CAN CAUSE SYSTEM OEDEMA?

Answer 20

RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE

Question 21

WHAT CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECT CO?

Answer 21

CHEMORECEPTORS

ELECTROLYTES

Question 22

WHERE ARE THE CHEMORECEPTORS?

Answer 22

AORTIC ARCH - CARTOID ARTERIES - MEDULA OBLONGATTA

Question 23

WHAT ARE CHEMORECEPTORS SENSITIVE TO?

Answer 23

BLOOD PH - CO2 - O2

Question 24

WHAT DO THE CHEMORECEPTORS DO?

Answer 24

PRIMARILY RESPIRATORY CONTROL - CAN INCREASE HR

Question 25

WHAT OTHER FACTORS AFFECT CO PRELOAD?

Answer 25

AMOUNT OF TENSION IN VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIUM BEFORE IT CONTRACTS
FRANK-STARLING LAW OF HEART-STROKE VOLUME IS PROPORTIONAL TO END DIASTOLIC VOLUME

Question 26

WHAT IS PRELOAD?

Answer 26

END DIASTOLIC PRESSURE - AMOUNT OF BLOOD LEFT OVER IN VENTRICLES

Question 27

WHAT IS INCREASED PRELOAD?

Answer 27

HYPERVOLEMIA
REGULATION OF CARDIAC VALVES
HEART FAILURE

Question 28

WHAT IS AFTERLOAD?

Answer 28

RESISTANCE - PRESSURE IN ARTERIES

Question 29

WHAT IS INCREASED AFTERLOAD?

Answer 29

HYPERTENSION

VASOCONSTRICTION