Oral path Chapter 7 viral infections Flashcards
What is HHV-3?
-Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
What is HHV-4?
-Epstein-Barr virus
What is HHV-5?
-Cytomegalovirus
What is HHV-8?
-Kaposi’s sarcoma
What is the most common disease resulting from EBV exposure?
-Infectious mononucleosis
What are some other lesions/diseases that demonstrate EBV?
- Oral hairy leukoplakia
- Lymphomas
- Lymphoproliferative disorders (African’s Burkitt’s lymphoma
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
How is EBV infections spread?
-Intimate contact
What does a Diagnosis of EBV need to have?
-Presence of Paul-Bunnel heterophil antibodies
For the classical infection of mononucleosis what are some things to look for?
- Fatigue
- Malaise
- Anorexia
- Fever up to 104 and last 2 weeks
- lymphadenopathy (tonsilar hyperplasia/cervical enlargement)
What oral lesions are associated with mono (EBV)?
- Oropharyngeal tonsillar enlargement
- Petechiae on hard palate
- Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
What are enteroviruses classified into?
- Echoviruses
- Coxsackievirus
- Poliovirus
What are three important diseases caused by coxsackievirus?
- Herpangina
- Hand-foot-and mouth disease
- Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis
What type of signs and symptoms are associated with herpangina?
- Skin rash
- Sore throat
- Fever
- Oral lesions in the posterior mouth
- Begin as red macules
What signs and symptoms are associated with hand foot and mouth disease?
- Skin rash
- oral lesions associated with flu like symptoms
- Oral lesions arise first (larger than herpangia)
- Affect buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, and tongue most commonly
- Cutaneous lesions on borders of palms and soles
What signs and symptoms are associated with acute lymphonodular pharyngitis?
- 1-5 yellow to dark pink nodules on the soft palate
- Represent hyperplastic lymphoid aggregates
- Fever
- Sore throat
What causes Rubeola (measles)?
-Paramyxovirus
When do most cases of Rubeola arise?
-Winter
How is measles spread?
-Respiratory droplets
How many stages are there for measles?
3 stages for 3 days each
What occurs in the first stage of measles?
- Coryza (runny nose)
- Cough
- Conjunctivitis
What stage of measles has the most distinctive oral manifestations, and what are these manifestations called?
- First stage
- Koplik’s spots
What are Koplik’s spots?
- Represent foci of epithelial necrosis
- Pathognomonic
- Multiple areas of mucosal erythema with numerous small, blue-white macules
What occurs in the second stage of measles?
- Fever continues
- Koplik’s spots fade
- Maculopapular & erythematous rash begins (Starts with the face first)
What occurs in the third stage of measles?
- Fever ends
- Rash fades
What causes Rubella (german measles)?
-Togavirus
What is congenital rubella syndrome?
- Deafness
- Heart disease
- Cataracts
What can rubella cause?
-Birth defects
What oral lesions is associated with rubella?
-Forchheimer’s sign (small, discrete, dark-red papules on the palate)
What is considered 9 day measles?
Rubeloa
What is considered 3 day measles?
-Rubella
What is a disease of exocrine glands?
-Mumps
What exocrine glands are the best known sites of involvement for mumps?
-Salivary glands
What do the involved glands of mumps exhibit?
- Edema
- Lymphocytic infiltration
What is the route of transmission for HIV?
- Sexual contact
- Parenteral exposure to blood
- Transmission from mother to fetus
What is the target cell for HIV?
-CD4 + Helper T lymphocyte
What oral manifestations are strongly associated with HIV infections?
- Candidiasis
- Hairy leukoplakia (EBV) (white lesions bilateral on side of tongue)
- Kapsi’s sarcoma
- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- Periodontal diseases
What do you do for treatment with someone with HIV and candidiasis?
-Topical clotrimazole
What is the most common EBV related lesions in AIDS pts?
-Oral Hairy leukoplakia
What is characteristic of oral hairy leukoplakia?
-Found bilateral on lateral tongue, white plaque that doesn’t wipe off
What is a multifocal neoplasm of vascular endothelial cell origin?
-Kaposi’s sarcoma
What are the most common sites of Kaposi’s sarcoma?
- Hard palate
- Gingiva
- Tongue
HSV-1 is found where?
-Above the waste
Where is HSV-2 found?
-Below the waste
How do shingles present?
-Unilateral from dermatone
What does HHV-3 reside?
-Dorsal root ganglion
Where does HHV-1 reside?
-Trigeminal ganglion
What is a herpetic whitlow?
-Herpetic paronychia is infection of the thumb or fingers
What is the term for a primary herpes of HSV-1?
-Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
Where do recurrent herpes simplex happen intraoral lesions?
-On keratinized bound mucosa (palate, attached gingiva)
What is the most common site of recurrence for HSV-1?
-Vermilion border
If you are younger than 18 what is the name of primary HSV-1 infection?
-Gingivostomatitis
If you are older than 19 what is the name of primary HSV-1 infections?
-Pharyngotonsillitis
What are the histopathologic features of HSV?
- Multinucleation
- Ballooning degenerations
- Tzanck cells
If you have shingles impacting the tip of the nose is that a medical emergency?
-Yes can lead to blindness
What is Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?
- Cutaneous lesions of the external auditory canal
- Involvement of ipsilateral face (facial paralysis, hearing defects, vertigo)
- VZV
What is another name for mumps?
-Epidemic parotitis
What is Forchheimers sign associated with?
-Rubella
What is swollen testicles associated with?
-Mumps
