Chapter 10 Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is the oral counterpart to ephelis?
-Oral melanotic macule
What is the most common site of an oral melanotic macule?
-Labial melanotic macule
What population do you see oral melanoacanthoma almost exclusively in?
-African Americans
What is the most common site of oral melanoacanthoma?
-Buccal mucosa
T/F Oral melanoacanthoma lesions increase rapidly in size
-True
What is nevus known as?
-Mole
What is the most common of all adult tumors?
-Acquired melanocytic nevus
What is the most common place for an intra oral nevus?
-Palate
If a brown pigment is raised in the oral cavity on the palate what are you thinking?
-Intraoral melanocytic nevus
Superficial nevus cells will be organized into small round aggregates termed what?
-Theques
What is a mole that is present at birth known as?
-Congenital melanocytic nevus
What is a large congenital nevus called?
- Bathing trunk nevus
- Garment nevus
What is a melanocytic nevus with a surrounding pale hypopigmented border known as?
-Halo Nevus
What is the old name of spitz nevus and is a solitary nodule usually 6 mm or smaller?
-Juvenile melanoma
What are the two forms of Blue nevus?
- Common
- Cellular
What is an uncommon benign proliferation of dermal melanocytes?
-Blue nevus
What is the 2nd most frequent melanocytic nevus encountered in the oral cavity?
-Blue nevus
What is the blue color of a blue nevus due to?
-Tyndall effect
What is the most common location of an oral blue nevus?
-Palate
What is an intraoral white plaque that does not rub off and cannot be identified as any well known entity?
-Leukoplakia (pre-malignant lesion)
What are three key points of leukoplakia?
- Intraoral white plaque
- Does not rub off
- Cannot be identified
What are white lesions that can be scrape off?
- Materia alba
- White coated tongue
- Burn
- Pseudomembranous candidiasis
- Sloughing from toothpaste
Why are the white lesions white?
-Because something such as keratin, microbial colony, scar tissue, necrosis blocks the “redness” of the underlying vascular tissue
What can cause a leukoplakia?
- Tobacco
- Alcohol
- Sanguinaria
- UV radiation
- Microorganisms
- Trauma
What is a white patch caused from smokeless tobacco?
-Tobacco pouch keratosis
What product can cause a leukoplakia in the maxillary vestibule?
-Sanguinaria
What microorganisms can cause a leukoplakia like lesion?
- Treponema pallidum
- Candida albicans
What type of trauma can cause a leukoplakia like lesion?
- Nicotine stomatitis
- Frictional keratosis
Where are most leukoplakias found?
- Lip vermilion
- Buccal mucosa
- Gingiva
What are the high risk sites for leukoplakias?
- Lip vermilion
- Lateral/ventral tongue
- Floor of mouth
What are red and white intermixed lesions termed?
- Erythroleukoplakia
- Speckled leukoplakia
What is a special high-risk form of leukoplakia?
-Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia
What is proliferative verrucous leukoplakia characterized by?
-Multiple keratotic plaques with roughened surface projections
What is hyperkeratosis?
-Thickened keratin layer
What is hyperparakeratosis?
- No granular cell layer
- Nuclei are retained
What is hyperorthokeratosis?
- Granular cell layer
- Nuclei are lost
What is Acanthosis?
-Thickened spinous layer
What is mild dysplasia?
-Alterations are limited to the lower 1/3
What is moderate dysplasia?
-Alterations are limited to the lower 1/2
What is severe dysplasia?
-Alterations are present above the lower 1/2
What is carcinoma in situ?
-Alterations are present throughout epithelium
What is a red patch that cannot be diagnosed as any other condition?
-Erythroplakia
T/F True erythroplakias are never completely benign
True
What are the most common locations for erythroplakias?
- Floor of mouth
- Ventral tongue
- Soft palate
What does smokeless tobacco cause?
-Smokeless tobacco keratosis
What is BANS?
Areas of bad prognosis for melanoma
