Chapter 17 Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases Flashcards
What is jaundice?
-Excess bilirubin in the bloodstream accumulates in the tissues
Elastin fibers have an affinity for bilirubin, what areas are more prominently affected?
- Sclera
- Lingual frenum
- Soft palate
What is a group of conditions characterized by the deposition of an extracellular, proteinaceous substance termed amyoild?
-Amyloidosis
What other disease is associated with primary systemic amyloidosis?
-Multiple Myeloma
What is secondary amyloidosis associated with?
-Hemodialysis
When you have organ limited amyloidosis does it occur in the oral cavity?
-Very rarely
What is the cause of 20% of primary systemic amyloidosis?
-Multiple myeloma
What are the most common areas affected by primary systemic amyloidosis?
- Eyelid
- Neck
- Lips
What does secondary systemic amyloidosis develop as a result of?
- Chronic inflammatory process such as TB, sarcoidosis, or osteomyelitis
- Hemodialysis
What is Vitamin A?
-Retinol
What is Vitamin A essential for?
-Vision
What might a Vitamin A deficiency lead to>?
-Blindness
What is Vitamin B1?
-Thiamin
What is Vitamin B1 used for?
-maintain proper functioning of neurons
What does a Vitamin B1 deficiency lead to?
-Beriberi
What is Vitamin B2?
-Riboflavin
What is Vitamin B2 necessary for?
-Cellular oxidation-reduction reactions
What happens if you have a Vitamin B2 deficiency?
-Oral alterations like angular cheilitis or glossitis
What is Vitamin B3?
-Niacin
What does Vitamin B3 do?
-Acts as a coenzyme for oxidation-reduction reactions
What happens if you have a Vitamin B3 deficiency?
-Pellagra = dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea
What is Vitamin B6?
-Pyridoxine
What is Vitamin B6 used for?
-Cofactor associated with enzymes that participate in Amino Acid synthesis
What is Vitamin C?
-Ascorbic acid
What is Vitamin C necessary for?
-Proper synthesis of collagen
What occurs with a Vitamin C deficiency?
-Scurvy
Vitamin D is considered a what?
-Hormone
What is Vitamin D necessary for?
-Calcium absorption from the gut
What does Vitamin D deficiency result in adults and kids?
- Osteomalacia
- Rickets (kids)
What is Vitamin E?
-Alpha-tocopherol
What is Vitamin E used for?
-Antioxidant
What is vitamin K necessary for?
-Proper clotting
What are vitamin K clotting factors?
- II
- VII
- IX
- X
What occurs if you are vitamin K deficient?
-Coagulopathy because of inadequate synthesis or prothrombin
What is the most common cuase of anemia in the US and the world?
-Iron deficiency anemia
How does Iron deficiency anemia develop?
- Excessive blood loss
- Increased demand for RBCs
- Decreased uptake of iron
- Decreased absorption of iron
What are oral manifestations of Iron deficiency anemia?
- angular cheilitis
- atrophic glossitis
What syndrome is associated with Iron-deficiency anemia?
-Plummer-Vinson syndrome
What characterizes Plummer-Vinson Syndrome?
- Irone deficiency anemia
- Glossitis
- Dysphagia
T/F Plummer-Vinson Syndrome is considered a premalignant process
True
What is another sign of Plummer-Vinson syndrome?
-alterations of growth pattern of the nails that results in spoon-shaped configuration (koilonychia)
What is type of anemia is Pernicious anemia?
-Megaloblastic anemia
What causes Megaloblastic (pernicious anemia)?
-Poor absorption of cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Is Vitamin B12 an intrinsic or extrinsic factor?
-Intrinsic
What are the oral manifestations of Pernicious anemia?
-Atrophic glossitis
What disease is associated with an increased production of GH usually related to a functioning pituitary adenoma?
-Gigantism
What oral findings are associated with Gigantism?
-Generalized macrodontia
When does gigantism take place?
-Before the closure of the epiphyseal plates
When does acromegaly occur?
-After closure of the epiphyseal paltes
What is acromegaly?
-Excessive production of GH after closure of epiphyseal plates
What is Hypothyroidism in infancy known as?
-Cretinism
What is Hypothyroidism in adulthood known as?
-Myxedema
What deep fungal infection is associated with uncontrolled diabetes?
-Zygomycosis
What type of Diabetes are oral manifestations associated with?
-Type I
What oral manifestations do you see with Type I DM?
- Periodontal disease
- Delayed healing
- Increased infections
- Enlargement of erythema of the attached gingiva
- Oral candidiasis
What is an inflammatory and immunologically mediated condition of unknown cause?
-Crohn’s disease
What are the oral lesions of Crohn’s disease?
-Linear ulcer of the buccal vestibule
What do the oral lesions of Crohn’s disease look like?
-Cobblestone appearance
