Chapter 17 Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases

Question 1

What is jaundice?

Answer 1

-Excess bilirubin in the bloodstream accumulates in the tissues

Question 2

Elastin fibers have an affinity for bilirubin, what areas are more prominently affected?

Answer 2

• Sclera
• Lingual frenum
• Soft palate

Question 3

What is a group of conditions characterized by the deposition of an extracellular, proteinaceous substance termed amyoild?

Answer 3

-Amyloidosis

Question 4

What other disease is associated with primary systemic amyloidosis?

Answer 4

-Multiple Myeloma

Question 5

What is secondary amyloidosis associated with?

Answer 5

-Hemodialysis

Question 6

When you have organ limited amyloidosis does it occur in the oral cavity?

Answer 6

-Very rarely

Question 7

What is the cause of 20% of primary systemic amyloidosis?

Answer 7

-Multiple myeloma

Question 8

What are the most common areas affected by primary systemic amyloidosis?

Answer 8

• Eyelid
• Neck
• Lips

Question 9

What does secondary systemic amyloidosis develop as a result of?

Answer 9

• Chronic inflammatory process such as TB, sarcoidosis, or osteomyelitis
• Hemodialysis

Question 10

What is Vitamin A?

Answer 10

-Retinol

Question 11

What is Vitamin A essential for?

Answer 11

-Vision

Question 12

What might a Vitamin A deficiency lead to>?

Answer 12

-Blindness

Question 13

What is Vitamin B1?

Answer 13

-Thiamin

Question 14

What is Vitamin B1 used for?

Answer 14

-maintain proper functioning of neurons

Question 15

What does a Vitamin B1 deficiency lead to?

Answer 15

-Beriberi

Question 16

What is Vitamin B2?

Answer 16

-Riboflavin

Question 17

What is Vitamin B2 necessary for?

Answer 17

-Cellular oxidation-reduction reactions

Question 18

What happens if you have a Vitamin B2 deficiency?

Answer 18

-Oral alterations like angular cheilitis or glossitis

Question 19

What is Vitamin B3?

Answer 19

-Niacin

Question 20

What does Vitamin B3 do?

Answer 20

-Acts as a coenzyme for oxidation-reduction reactions

Question 21

What happens if you have a Vitamin B3 deficiency?

Answer 21

-Pellagra = dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea

Question 22

What is Vitamin B6?

Answer 22

-Pyridoxine

Question 23

What is Vitamin B6 used for?

Answer 23

-Cofactor associated with enzymes that participate in Amino Acid synthesis

Question 24

What is Vitamin C?

Answer 24

-Ascorbic acid

Question 25

What is Vitamin C necessary for?

Answer 25

-Proper synthesis of collagen

Question 26

What occurs with a Vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 26

-Scurvy

Question 27

Vitamin D is considered a what?

Answer 27

-Hormone

Question 28

What is Vitamin D necessary for?

Answer 28

-Calcium absorption from the gut

Question 29

What does Vitamin D deficiency result in adults and kids?

Answer 29

- Osteomalacia | - Rickets (kids)

Question 30

What is Vitamin E?

Answer 30

-Alpha-tocopherol

Question 31

What is Vitamin E used for?

Answer 31

-Antioxidant

Question 32

What is vitamin K necessary for?

Answer 32

-Proper clotting

Question 33

What are vitamin K clotting factors?

Answer 33

- II - VII - IX - X

Question 34

What occurs if you are vitamin K deficient?

Answer 34

-Coagulopathy because of inadequate synthesis or prothrombin

Question 35

What is the most common cuase of anemia in the US and the world?

Answer 35

-Iron deficiency anemia

Question 36

How does Iron deficiency anemia develop?

Answer 36

- Excessive blood loss - Increased demand for RBCs - Decreased uptake of iron - Decreased absorption of iron

Question 37

What are oral manifestations of Iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 37

- angular cheilitis | - atrophic glossitis

Question 38

What syndrome is associated with Iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 38

-Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Question 39

What characterizes Plummer-Vinson Syndrome?

Answer 39

- Irone deficiency anemia - Glossitis - Dysphagia

Question 40

T/F Plummer-Vinson Syndrome is considered a premalignant process

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What is another sign of Plummer-Vinson syndrome?

Answer 41

-alterations of growth pattern of the nails that results in spoon-shaped configuration (koilonychia)

Question 42

What is type of anemia is Pernicious anemia?

Answer 42

-Megaloblastic anemia

Question 43

What causes Megaloblastic (pernicious anemia)?

Answer 43

-Poor absorption of cobalamin (Vitamin B12)

Question 44

Is Vitamin B12 an intrinsic or extrinsic factor?

Answer 44

-Intrinsic

Question 45

What are the oral manifestations of Pernicious anemia?

Answer 45

-Atrophic glossitis

Question 46

What disease is associated with an increased production of GH usually related to a functioning pituitary adenoma?

Answer 46

-Gigantism

Question 47

What oral findings are associated with Gigantism?

Answer 47

-Generalized macrodontia

Question 48

When does gigantism take place?

Answer 48

-Before the closure of the epiphyseal plates

Question 49

When does acromegaly occur?

Answer 49

-After closure of the epiphyseal paltes

Question 50

What is acromegaly?

Answer 50

-Excessive production of GH after closure of epiphyseal plates

Question 51

What is Hypothyroidism in infancy known as?

Answer 51

-Cretinism

Question 52

What is Hypothyroidism in adulthood known as?

Answer 52

-Myxedema

Question 53

What deep fungal infection is associated with uncontrolled diabetes?

Answer 53

-Zygomycosis

Question 54

What type of Diabetes are oral manifestations associated with?

Answer 54

-Type I

Question 55

What oral manifestations do you see with Type I DM?

Answer 55

- Periodontal disease - Delayed healing - Increased infections - Enlargement of erythema of the attached gingiva - Oral candidiasis

Question 56

What is an inflammatory and immunologically mediated condition of unknown cause?

Answer 56

-Crohn's disease

Question 57

What are the oral lesions of Crohn's disease?

Answer 57

-Linear ulcer of the buccal vestibule

Question 58

What do the oral lesions of Crohn's disease look like?

Answer 58

-Cobblestone appearance