Chapter 6 Fungal and Protozoal diseases Flashcards
What is the most common oral fungal infection in humans?
-Candidiasis
What bug causes candidiasis?
-Candida albicans
What are the two forms of candidiasis?
- Yeast
- Hyphal
Which form of candidiasis is innocuous?
-Yeast
What form of candidiasis invades the host tissue?
-Hyphal
What are four clinical patterns of candidiasis?
- Pseudomembranous
- Erythematous
- Chronic hyperplastic
- Mucocutaneous
What is the only form of candidiasis that doesn’t rub off?
-Chronic hyperplastic
What is the best recognized form of candidiasis?
-Pseudomembranous
Can you wipe off candidiasis?
Yes
What are some symptoms of candidiasis?
- Mild burning
- Mild unpleasant taste
What might initiate candidiasis?
- Antibiotics
- Immunocompromised
- Asthma inhalers
With Erythematous candidiasis is there a major white component?
-No
What is the most common form of candidiasis?
-Erythematous
What are the clinical presentations of erythematous candidiasis?
- Median rhomboid glossitis
- Chronic multifocal candidiasis
- angular chelitis
- Denture stomatitis
- Acute atrophic candidiasis
What is median rhomboid glossitis AKA?
-Central papillary atrophy
Where do you see median rhomboid glossitis?
-Posterior dorsal tongue anterior to circumvallate papilla
What is chronic multifocal candidiasis?
-Median rhomboid glossitis + signs of infection at other sites
If a patient and angular chelitis and median rhomboid glossitis what can you diagnose them with?
-Chronic multifocal candidiasis
What can be a component of chronic multifocal, but usually occurs alone and is accentuated at the corners of the mouth where saliva can pool?
-Angular chelitis
What is the clinical pattern termed for angular cheilitis?
-Cheilocandidiasis (due to chronic lip licking)
Where is denture stomatitis seen?
-Denture-bearing areas of a maxillary removable denture
What type of erythematous candidiasis follows a course of broad spectrum antibiotic treatments?
-Acute atrophic candidiasis
What is the least common form of candidiasis?
-Chronic hyperplastic
How do you get mucocutaneous candidiasis?
- Iron-deficiency anemia
- APECED (autoimmune syndrome)
- Endocrine candidiasis syndrome
What are three drugs used to treat candidiasis?
- Nystatin
- Amphotericin B
- Imidazole agents
What is the most common systemic fungal infection in the US?
-Histoplasmosis
What bug causes Histoplasmosis?
-Histoplasma capsulatum
Where are the endemic areas of the US to get histoplasmosis?
- Ohio
- Mississippi River Valley
If a person has a painful ulcer that looks like a chancre what could it be?
-Histoplasmosis
Why do you find histoplasmosis in Ohio and Mississippi River Valley?
-Found with bat poop or bird pop
What bug causes blastomycosis?
-Blastomyces dermatitidis
Where do you find blastomycosis?
-Eastern areas of the US and into Canada
What differentiates blastomycosis from other cancers?
-Histology of psudoepitheliaomatous hyperplasia
What does Paracoccidioides brasiliensis cause?
-Paracoccidiodomycosis
What animal carries paracoccidiodomycosis?
-Nine-banded armadillo
Candida is the hyphal form that is infectious, most other fungal infections what is the infectious form?
-Spore (yeast)
Who do you find paracoccidiomycosis more commonly in and why?
-Men because female hormones protect them.
What does paracoccidiomycosis appear as in a histology slide?
-Mariners wheel (spore form)
What is Coccidiomycosis AKA?
-San Joaquin Valley Fever
What causes coccidiomycosis?
-Coccidioides immitis
What are the endemic areas of coccidiomycosis?
- Southwestern US
- Mexico
If you have erythema nodosum that affects the legs and is characterized by multiple painful inflammatory nodules and this reaction is occurring in conjunction with coccidiomycosis what is that termed?
-Valley fever
What causes cryptococcosis?
-Cryptococcus neoformans
What is unique to cryptococcosis?
-A Mucopolysaccharide capsule that protects it from host defense
Where do you get cryptococcosis?
-Pigeon poop
Where do you get Coccidiomycosis?
-Decaying/dead animals
Where do you get Zygomycosis?
-Decaying organic material
What population of people get zygomycosis?
-Diabetics
What form of mucormycosis or zygomycosis is important to health care provider?
-Rhinocerebral form (The one that causes problems)
What does zygomycosis appear as clinically?
-Black and necrotic
What is the second in frequency to candidiasis for a fungal infection?
-Aspergillosis
If an aspergillosis mass undergoes dystrophic calcification what can be seen via a radiograph?
-Antrolith
