Chapter 6 Fungal and Protozoal diseases

Question 1

What is the most common oral fungal infection in humans?

Answer 1

-Candidiasis

Question 2

What bug causes candidiasis?

Answer 2

-Candida albicans

Question 3

What are the two forms of candidiasis?

Answer 3

• Yeast

- Hyphal

Question 4

Which form of candidiasis is innocuous?

Answer 4

-Yeast

Question 5

What form of candidiasis invades the host tissue?

Answer 5

-Hyphal

Question 6

What are four clinical patterns of candidiasis?

Answer 6

• Pseudomembranous
• Erythematous
• Chronic hyperplastic
• Mucocutaneous

Question 7

What is the only form of candidiasis that doesn’t rub off?

Answer 7

-Chronic hyperplastic

Question 8

What is the best recognized form of candidiasis?

Answer 8

-Pseudomembranous

Question 9

Can you wipe off candidiasis?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What are some symptoms of candidiasis?

Answer 10

• Mild burning

- Mild unpleasant taste

Question 11

What might initiate candidiasis?

Answer 11

• Antibiotics
• Immunocompromised
• Asthma inhalers

Question 12

With Erythematous candidiasis is there a major white component?

Answer 12

-No

Question 13

What is the most common form of candidiasis?

Answer 13

-Erythematous

Question 14

What are the clinical presentations of erythematous candidiasis?

Answer 14

• Median rhomboid glossitis
• Chronic multifocal candidiasis
• angular chelitis
• Denture stomatitis
• Acute atrophic candidiasis

Question 15

What is median rhomboid glossitis AKA?

Answer 15

-Central papillary atrophy

Question 16

Where do you see median rhomboid glossitis?

Answer 16

-Posterior dorsal tongue anterior to circumvallate papilla

Question 17

What is chronic multifocal candidiasis?

Answer 17

-Median rhomboid glossitis + signs of infection at other sites

Question 18

If a patient and angular chelitis and median rhomboid glossitis what can you diagnose them with?

Answer 18

-Chronic multifocal candidiasis

Question 19

What can be a component of chronic multifocal, but usually occurs alone and is accentuated at the corners of the mouth where saliva can pool?

Answer 19

-Angular chelitis

Question 20

What is the clinical pattern termed for angular cheilitis?

Answer 20

-Cheilocandidiasis (due to chronic lip licking)

Question 21

Where is denture stomatitis seen?

Answer 21

-Denture-bearing areas of a maxillary removable denture

Question 22

What type of erythematous candidiasis follows a course of broad spectrum antibiotic treatments?

Answer 22

-Acute atrophic candidiasis

Question 23

What is the least common form of candidiasis?

Answer 23

-Chronic hyperplastic

Question 24

How do you get mucocutaneous candidiasis?

Answer 24

• Iron-deficiency anemia
• APECED (autoimmune syndrome)
• Endocrine candidiasis syndrome

Question 25

What are three drugs used to treat candidiasis?

Answer 25

- Nystatin - Amphotericin B - Imidazole agents

Question 26

What is the most common systemic fungal infection in the US?

Answer 26

-Histoplasmosis

Question 27

What bug causes Histoplasmosis?

Answer 27

-Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 28

Where are the endemic areas of the US to get histoplasmosis?

Answer 28

- Ohio | - Mississippi River Valley

Question 29

If a person has a painful ulcer that looks like a chancre what could it be?

Answer 29

-Histoplasmosis

Question 30

Why do you find histoplasmosis in Ohio and Mississippi River Valley?

Answer 30

-Found with bat poop or bird pop

Question 31

What bug causes blastomycosis?

Answer 31

-Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 32

Where do you find blastomycosis?

Answer 32

-Eastern areas of the US and into Canada

Question 33

What differentiates blastomycosis from other cancers?

Answer 33

-Histology of psudoepitheliaomatous hyperplasia

Question 34

What does Paracoccidioides brasiliensis cause?

Answer 34

-Paracoccidiodomycosis

Question 35

What animal carries paracoccidiodomycosis?

Answer 35

-Nine-banded armadillo

Question 36

Candida is the hyphal form that is infectious, most other fungal infections what is the infectious form?

Answer 36

-Spore (yeast)

Question 37

Who do you find paracoccidiomycosis more commonly in and why?

Answer 37

-Men because female hormones protect them.

Question 38

What does paracoccidiomycosis appear as in a histology slide?

Answer 38

-Mariners wheel (spore form)

Question 39

What is Coccidiomycosis AKA?

Answer 39

-San Joaquin Valley Fever

Question 40

What causes coccidiomycosis?

Answer 40

-Coccidioides immitis

Question 41

What are the endemic areas of coccidiomycosis?

Answer 41

- Southwestern US | - Mexico

Question 42

If you have erythema nodosum that affects the legs and is characterized by multiple painful inflammatory nodules and this reaction is occurring in conjunction with coccidiomycosis what is that termed?

Answer 42

-Valley fever

Question 43

What causes cryptococcosis?

Answer 43

-Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 44

What is unique to cryptococcosis?

Answer 44

-A Mucopolysaccharide capsule that protects it from host defense

Question 45

Where do you get cryptococcosis?

Answer 45

-Pigeon poop

Question 46

Where do you get Coccidiomycosis?

Answer 46

-Decaying/dead animals

Question 47

Where do you get Zygomycosis?

Answer 47

-Decaying organic material

Question 48

What population of people get zygomycosis?

Answer 48

-Diabetics

Question 49

What form of mucormycosis or zygomycosis is important to health care provider?

Answer 49

-Rhinocerebral form (The one that causes problems)

Question 50

What does zygomycosis appear as clinically?

Answer 50

-Black and necrotic

Question 51

What is the second in frequency to candidiasis for a fungal infection?

Answer 51

-Aspergillosis

Question 52

If an aspergillosis mass undergoes dystrophic calcification what can be seen via a radiograph?

Answer 52

-Antrolith