Oral Cavity Disease Ruminants Flashcards
What are some of the presentations of a cow with an oral cavity disorder?
- Anorexia/inappetance, relative/complete
- Ptyalism/drooling (lesion, obstruction, failure to ingest/chew/swallow)
- Swelling head/lips/mandible
- Protrusion of the tongue
- Oedema submandibular space
- Partly chewed lumps of food present (‘quids’)
- Bloat (‘ping or ‘dull thud’)
- Penetrating wounds
You must examine the oral cavity as part of a clinical exam. How should you do this sufficiently?
- Suitable restraint
- Equipment required
- Good light source
- Mouth gag/towel
- Halter/bulldog
- Sedation?
What are some infectious-viral differential diagnoses for salivation?
- BVD
- MCF (Ovine herpesvirus-2)
- IBR (BHV-1.1, 1.2 respiratory)
- Bovine papular stomatitis / orf (parapox virus)
- Rabies, FMD, BTV
What are some infectious-bacterial differential diagnoses for salivation?
- Calf diphtheria (necrobacillosis), F. necrophorum, necrotic laryngitis
- Actinobacillosis (Wooden tongue)
- Actinomycosis (Lumpy jaw)
What are some traumatic differential diagnoses for salivation?
- Choke
- Drenching gun/bolus injuries/oral burns
- Teeth
- Vagal nerve damage
What are some clinical signs seen with rabies (viral cause of salivation)?
- excessive salivation
- behavioural change
- muzzle tremors
- vocalization
- aggression
- hyperaesthesia and/or hyperexcitability
- pharyngeal paresis/paralysis
- The British Isles ( UK and the Republic of Ireland) have been rabies free since rabies was eradicated in 1922.
What kind of infection is orf?
Viral
Often secondary bacterial infection
Which animals and age are mostly affected by orf?
- Young lambs unable to suckle
- Mastitis in ewes (teats) and zoonotic!
When do you vaccinate against orf?
What types of vaccine is it?
- Only vaccinate against orf in endemically affected flocks
- Live attenuated vaccine
- VMD product database (do not vaccinate close to lambing, vaccination will not protect lambs via colostrum)
What is shown here?
What are some clinical signs of bluetongue in sheep?
–Eye and nasal discharges which becomes thick and crusty
–Drooling as a result of swelling and/or ulcerations in the mouth
–Swelling of the neck and/or the face, especially around the eyes and the muzzle
–Severe lameness affected sheep are reluctant to rise
–Haemorrhages into or under the skin
–Inflammation and pain at the coronary band
–A “blue tongue” is rarely a clinical sign of infection
What are some clinical signs of bluetongue in cattle?
Cattle, possibly no signs of illness, clinical signs can include:
–Nasal discharge
–Swelling of the neck and head, especially around the eyes and muzzle
–Conjunctivitis
–Lameness
–Saliva drooling out of the mouth
What kind of animal and age does Actinobacillosis affect?
A.k.a wooden tongue
Affects mainly adult cattle
What are some clinical signs of Actinobacillosis (wooden tongue)?
- Painful, sometimes fever
- Stomatitis, glossitis, fibrous tissue, cellulitis evolving in pyogranulomatous infection
- Swollen tongue, often protrudes, hard to the touch, submandibular swelling, enlarged Lnn
- Salivation and reluctant to eat
Other than the tongue, where else can actinobacillosis affect?
Can also affect skin, oesophageal groove, rumen wall etc
