GI Disease in Pigs Flashcards

Question

What is the treatment for swine dysentery?

Answer 1

* Antimicrobials are mainstay * Tylosin: Most UK strains are resistant. * Lincomycin, Tylvalosin: intermediate * Pleuromutilins(tiamulin) important. * However: increasing reports of resistance

Answer 2

**Medicated Eradication** **Partial depopulation :** Remove the susceptible (growing ) population and medicate sows **Total Depopulation**

Answer 3

* Non-hyodysenteriae spriochaetes * *Brachyspira pilosicoli* * Epi –same as SD including rodent and dog carriers * Mostly seen in growers (4-12wks) but occasionally adults * Colitis and diarrhoea –less severe than SD * Rarely fatal, reduced DLWG * Diagnosis –csand culture/PCR (rule out SD) * Manage as SD, tylosin/lincomycinmay be effective? –often endemic

Answer 4

Mucoid sloppy faeces typical of Brachyspira pilosicoli disease

Answer 5

* *Salmonella Typhimurium* is by far the commonest cause of porcine salmonellosis * *S. derby* * Very common infections in UK pigs but often subclinical * *S. choleraesuis* is now very rare in UK

Answer 6

**Pathology** * Diptheritic typhlocolitis * Septicaemia * Later: rectal strictures

Answer 7

Diptheritic typhlocolitis

Answer 8

Mucin casts Blood could be SD –rule out!

Answer 9

Salmonella enteritis in weaned pigs

Answer 10

* Infectious dose is very important in determining whether clinical disease occurs. * Concurrent infections can predispose. * Often ST is multi-drug resistant so antimicrobial treatment (e.g. with amoxycillin) can be a risk factor.

Answer 11

Diagnosis * +/-Pyrexia * Scouring (can be only slide) * Purple skin discolouration (septicaemia) * Intestinal casts 1. Septicaemicform 2. Acute enteritis 3. Chronic diarrhoea * DD: E. coli, PRRS, viral challenge,

Answer 12

Treatment * Range of antibiotics can be used (lincospectin, aparamycin, paramomyin) * C/S important as multiple resistance * Parenteral tx for ill pigs (non-responsive) * Can use AB’s in water for sick and in- contacts but care re prudent use

Answer 13

* Identify & remove source: * Rodents are extremely important as a reservoir. * Mice can multiply ST up very quickly. So control important * Organic acids in feed/ water (vevovitall) * Effective C&D between batches, AIAO * Vaccines? –not very effective, non- licensed in UK

Answer 14

* Y. pseudotuberculosis - common, but disease rare? * Enterocolitis * Watery, dark diarrhoea, mucoid * Zoonosis –personal hygiene * Often part of diagnostic packages – culture/PCR * **Control based on hygiene and AIAO measures**

Answer 15

Very common in pigs 1. -long-length SI volvulus at mesenteric root * Usually single cases of sudden death * Can get “outbreaks” * Grower pigs 8 –12 weeks old * Eat a lot and jump or step up to feeders and also fighting and rolling 2. –Gastric dilation/volvulus in older pigs * Change of feeds –eat a lot and fighting

Answer 16

Stomach ulcers **Common worldwide, \<60% growers at slaughter** **Ulcer and damage in upper part of pig stomach** **A nutrition problem. Not related to human ulcers** **Often an incidental finding at slaughter** Caused chiefly by 3 factors: * Finely ground feed components * Cessation of feed intake for one day * Wet fed with whey Can be secondary to lung infections

Answer 17

Clinical signs: **Sub-acute** * Pale skin * Weakness * Breathless * Vomiting * Grinding of teeth * Passing of dark faeces (digested blood) **Acute** * Sudden death * Very pale carcass

Answer 18

* Stomach ulcers in pigs –common * Can cause no problem or sudden death

Answer 19

**Treatment** * Move the affected animal from its existing housing into a loose bedded peaceful environment. * Feed a weaner type diet containing highly digestible materials. * Inject multi vitamins and in particular vitamin E together with 0.5 to 1g of iron intramuscularly and repeat on a weekly basis. * Cull affected pigs.

Answer 20

Management control and prevention * Consider the risk factors and their relevance to your situation. * Make alterations and adjustments accordingly.

Answer 21

Gastrointestinal worms 1. **Ascaris suum** -large roundworm 2. **Trichuris suis** -large intestine whipworm 3. **Oesophagostomum sp** -nodule worm 4. **Hyostrongylus rubidus** -red stomach worm 5. **Strongyloides ransomi** -intestinal threadworm

Answer 22

Ascaris suum = large roundworm * Large obvious worm 15 to 40 cm * Small intestine location * 30 days pre-patent period * More common in outdoor, organic farms * Eggs are very resistant = thick shell * Anthelminthics effective on farm * Flubendazole, ivermectin

Answer 23

Ascarissuum = large roundworm * Contaminated pastures, bedding in sheds * Need rotation, new bedding * Economic issue at slaughter –liver, SI * Loss of income for damaged intestines and liver * Can also cause respiratory signs

Answer 24

Roundworm damage to carcase at slaughter Ascaris suum

Answer 25

Ascaris or “Milk spot” livers at slaughter

Answer 26

Trichuris suis = large intestine whipworm * Whip shaped worm, 3 cm long * Barrel shaped eggs * Burrows into the lining of the large intestine * Weight loss, bloody diarrhoea, anaemia * Looks like swine dysentery at autopsy –find the worms ! * Anthelminthics-ivermectin

Answer 27

Trichuris suis –mucoid colitis

Answer 28

* nodule worm * Common * Not pathogenic * Often see nodules in small and large intestine at slaughter and at autopsy * important not to confuse with real problems

Answer 29

* Indoor/some outdoor –Fenbendazole(top-dressed) for 2 days on entry to farrowing accommodation * Outdoor –Ivermectinin feed for 7 days 2-4 times/year * Good hygiene of weaner accommodation

Answer 30

**History** -Ages affected, duration? Treatment?, mortality? • **First aid** –TLC, biosecurity, ORT **Equipment** –PME, sample bottles, swabs **Visit farm** –general appraisal **Clinical examination** –sick pigs, T, dehydration? **PME** –samples taken as necessary, discuss cost **Immediate tx of surviving pigs**