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Farm Animal Final Year > Large Animal Respiratory Parasites > Flashcards

Large Animal Respiratory Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lungworm LC?

A
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2
Q

How long is the lungworm LC?

A

5 days

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3
Q

What is it thought the fungi is for in the lungworm LC?

A

Produce chemokines

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4
Q

What is the infective stage of lungworm?

A

L3

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5
Q

What is the Prepatent period in lungworm?

A

4 weeks

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6
Q

What is A feature of lungworms?

A

Boot-like spicules

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7
Q

Which of these is not a lungworm?

a. Protostrongylus refusence
b. Metastrongylus apri
c. Toxocara canis
d. Dictyocaulus arnfieldi

A

C. Toxocara Canis

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8
Q

Which of the following parasites may be associated with respiratory manifestations? You may choose more than one!

a. Trichinella spiralis
b. Ascaris vitulorum
c. Hypoderma bovis
d. Dictyocaulus filaria

A

b. Ascaris vitulorum
d. Dictyocaulus filaria

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9
Q

Lungworm: which of these is correct?

a. Infection is air-borne
b. Immunity lasts for long time
c. Infection is dose-dependent
d. Young animals are more resistant than adult

A

c.Infection is dose-dependent

Immunity declines v quickly. Cant rely on vaccination

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10
Q

Beef calves are more susceptible than dairy calves

True or false? Why?

A

False

Dairy calves have more opportunity for exposure

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11
Q

Is not important in the epidemiology of husk?

a. Climate
b. Breeds of animal
c. Stocking density
d. Fungal spores in dung pats

A

b.Breeds of animal

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12
Q

Thunderstorms can affect the epidemiology of lungworms

True or false? why?

A

True - As they disperse everything

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13
Q

I.H. control is essential in the prevention of bovine husk

True or false? why?

A

False - there isn’t one

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14
Q

Larvae of lungworms can be detected in nasal discharges

True or false?

A

True

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15
Q

Anthelmintic resistance is a wide spread problem in lungworms

True or false?

A

False

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16
Q

Which of these is Not essential in the treatment of
a cow with husk?

a. Antibiotics
b. Anthelmintics
c. Anti-inflammatories
d. Analgesics

A

a.Antibiotics

17
Q

Lungworm vaccine can be given to a 6 week-old calf

True or false?

A

False

Should be at 8 weeks initially!!

Minimum age to turn out – 14 weeks

18
Q

Withdrawal time of Huskvac zero day!

True or false?

19
Q

Huskvac is safe in pregnant cows!

True or false?

20
Q

Huskvac is expensive!

True or false?

21
Q

Huskvac can be kept on shelf!

True or false? Why?

A

False – have to have a fridge or a cooler (will die and loose vaccine on the shelf)

22
Q

Huskvac can be given every season! (annually – grazing season)

True or false?

23
Q

Which of the following causes of respiratory signs is most important to exclude? (i.e., which of the following conditions best fit this case presentation?)

  • Congenital anomaly
  • Lung abscess
  • Lung tumor
  • Bacterial bronchopneumonia
  • Necrobacillosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Actinobacillosis
  • Viral infection
  • Hydatid disease
A

Congenital anomaly

Lung abscess

Lung tumor

Can exclude as you don’t get “outbreak”

24
Q

•Which test(s) would provide the greatest diagnostic yield for lungworm? (4)

A

–Faeces sample – look for larvae with Baerrmann apparatus.

–Serum ELISA – AB test (can look at bulk milk) not v sensitive. If the animal is in PP it cannot be picked up! Bulk – need at least 30% of herd affected

–Tracheal wash

–Dead animal – do a PM

25
Q

What is the issue of a faeces sample? (2)

A

–Keeping the faeces for too long – they will die! Even in the fridge for 24 hours they start to die. False negative results.

–Sometimes GI nematodes will be in the sample too so take care when analysis

26
Q

•Identify appropriate drug(s) to treat lungworm, from the given treatment options. Explain your choice.

Imidocarb (babesiza treat); Moxidectin; Levamisole; Monensin; Sulphadimidine; Amphotericin B

A

Only the two are for lungworm - Moxidectin and Levamisole

Levamisole – can help the immune system

Level of clinical severity – relates to parasite burden (Do not want a huge mass of parasites). So very severe do nnot use ML (moxidectin). Want to kill it over time so would use levamisole

27
Q

•What treatments other than anthelmintics would you administer or lungworm? (3)

A

–Bacterial infection – AB

–Analgesia

–NSAID

28
Q

To suddenly get lungworm in a herd what would have happened? (2)

A

immunologically naïve
Have a carrier

29
Q

•What immediate measures would you advise for a lungworm outbreak? (5)

A

–Isolate

–Give nice food -digestible

–Give nice bedding

–Quiet

–Anthelmintic – give mild so we do not cause a burden! Can use ML if small burden

30
Q

What are the likely risk factors for lungworm disease, in a suddden outbreak case?

A

Lack or awareness

31
Q

Why is lungworm an unpredictable disease?

A

–We have no idea about the response of the larval stage to the conditions

–We don’t know about how it reacts

Farm Animal Final Year (131 decks)

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