Bovine teat surgery Flashcards
Outline the anatomy of the teat?
What kind of sedatives can you use before teat surgery?
Xylazine - alpha 2 agonist
Detomidine
How and how much xylazine would you give a fractious dairy cow (250 DIM) before teat surgery?
- For fractious cows, an increased dose should be used - the maximal dose of Xylazine being 0.3mg/kg. This will make the animal recumbent. Therefore for teat surgery it might e advisable to use a reduced amount
- Dose range of Xylazine = 0.05-0.3mg/kg (0.25-1.5ml/100kg BW)
- Xylazine at higher doses will be effective in ~5 minutes and lasts for several hours
What advantages/disadvantages of using a sedative do you consider/discuss with the client?
- Xylazine can be reversed if an overdose is administered (not common in farm animals to use the reversal atipamezole is not licensed but will reverse it)
- Safety of the vet!
- No milk or meat withdrawal time
- Can make the cow lay down which is not ideal for teat surgery
What methods of restraint should be used for teat surgery?
Lift backleg
Tail jack
Tie back leg
Kickbar
What are the methods of LA for teat surgery?
Methods:
- Method used for LA administration depends on the site or nature of lesions
- Use 23 or 25 G 1-5cm needed
- Teat cistern infusion
- Ring block
- Inverted V block
- IV regional anaesthesia
When would a teat cistern infusion of LA be used?
Describe how a ring block is performed?
How is an inverteed v block performed?
How is regional anaesthesia performed for teat surgery?
Name other methods of local anaesthesia that can be used for teat surgery?
Discuss procaine and perhaps why it is not the best choice for teat surgery and what would be better?
Procaine:
LA licensed for farm animals
Contains epinephrine therefore causes vasoconstriction and increase the risk of tissue sloughing and necrosis
Especially bad with ring blocks and IV regional anaesthesia
Lidocaine:
Use through cascade as not licensed
No epinephrine
MRLs (28 days meat, 7 days milk)
Outline NSAIDs for use in cattle?
Which peripheral nerves do you need to block for cranial and caudal teat surgery?
For cranial teat surgery (front two quarters): L1 and L2 +/- T13 - paravertebral block
For caudal teat surgery (back two quarters): use epidural