Opportunistic Fungal Infections Flashcards
opportunistic mycoses route of infection
inhalation
mucosal deposition
endogenous flora
mucormycotina
non septate
90 degree branching pattern
basidiomycota
septate
ascomycota
septate
aspergillus
common environmental fungi
angioinvasive
causes hemorrhage and nodular disease
risk factors for aspergillis
neutropenia
transplants
immunosuppressed
rare in healthy
pathogenesis of aspergilllus
conidia inhaled into upper and lower respiratory tract
germinate into hyphae
invade vascular walls
infarction, hemorrhage, necrosis
what tries to clear aspergillus
macrophages and neutrophils
presentation of aspergillus
sinus infection or pulmonary infection
aspergillus histo
septate hyphae with 45 degree branching
conidia on end of branches
aspergillus symptoms
fever pleuritic chest pain cough hemoptysis dyspnea acute facial pain
aspergillus CXR
nodules with hemorrhage around them
aspergillus dissemination
invades blood vessels
aspergillus is found in
general environment
cryptococcus if found in
dirt with pigeon poop
cryptococcus pathogenesis
inhaled as yeast into alveoli
produces a polysaccharide capsule which hides it from immune system
produces melanin- resists enzyme and free radical destruction
risk factors for cryptococcus
transplant
immunosuppressive drugs
some immunocompetent
cryptococcus
encapsulated yeast that causes chronic lymphocytic meningitis (infects CNS)
aspergillus dissemination
vessels
cryptococcus presentation
asymptomatic pulmonary infection
menigitis
cryptococcus symptoms
headache fever cranial nerve palsy mental status change elevated ICP
cryptococcus dissemination
meninges pulmonary infiltrates skin viscera buccal infection
cryptococcus diagnosis
lumbar puncture to stain CSF with india ink- see the capsule and yeast
latex agglutination- check for capsule
culture
murcormycosis
widely found in the environment
angioinvasive
causes pulmonary and rhino cerebral disease in neutropenic/diabetic patients
mucormycosis found in
dirt
mucormycosis looks like
nonseptate 90 degree branching
major risk factor for mucormycosis
diabetes with ketoacidosis
difference between aspergillum and mucor
both angioinvasive
aspergillus- septate hyphae with 45degree branching
mucor- non septate hyphae with 90degree branching
murcormycosis dissemination
can invade caverns sinus and brain
murcormycosis presentation
rhino-orbital-cerebral
which are angioinvasive
aspergillis
mucormycosis
candiadiasis histo
round/oval yeasts
develop pseudohyphae and true hyphae at body temp with germ tube test
most common candida
albicans
resistant candida
glabrata
candida risk factors
immunosuppression
trauma, major burns
invasive access
IV drugs
usual candida pathogenesis
USUALLY disruption of normal flora
weird candida pathogenesis
IV drug
exogenous spread- contamination, sexual activity
presentation of candidiasis
mucosal- GI and genital
skin and nails- intertrigiouns (athletes foot)
disseminated candidiasis
fever sepsis organ dysfunction visceral involvement- abscess formation meningitis chorientitis hepatosplenic abscesses vertebral osteomyelitis endocarditis
