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Block 5 > Lung 1 > Flashcards

Lung 1 Flashcards

1
Q

obstructive atalectasis

A

blockage prevents new air from coming in
old air resorbed
lung shrinks

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2
Q

compressive atalectasis

A

pleural fluid pushes part of lung in

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3
Q

contraction atalectasis

A

lung shrinks all over due to scaring/fibrosis

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4
Q

gross and histo appearance of pulmonary edema

A

gross- wet, heavy, frothy fluid

histo- eosinophilic proteinaceous fluid

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5
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome- ARDS

A

severe ALI- progressive respiratory insufficiency caused by diffuse alveolar damage due to sepsis, trauma, or infection
damaged endothelium with inflammation (not as much as pneumonia)

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6
Q

where does pulmonary edema happen

A

base of lower lobe

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7
Q

acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP)

A

pathologic changes consistent with ARDS/DAD but with unknown cause
average age: 50
high mortality rate

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8
Q

acute lung injury

A

sudden decrease in oxygen and widespread pulmonary infiltrates without heart failure

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9
Q

diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)

A

histo finding for ARDS

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10
Q

4 major causes of ARDS

A

sepsis
diffuse pulmonary infections
gastric aspiration
mechanical trauma

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11
Q

key features of ARDS

A 
post insult- trauma, sepsis, infection
patchy infiltrate on CXR
hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen
ventilation/perfusion abnormalities
decreased surfactant --> PEEP ventilation required
hyaline membranes
uniform temporal appearance
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12
Q

obstructive disease

A

decreased FEV1

look at flow rate

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13
Q

restrictive disease

A

decreased FVC and TLC

look at volume

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14
Q

examples of obstructive disease

A

chronic bronchitis
emphysema
asthma
bronchiectasis

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15
Q

examples of restrictive disease

A

ARDS

chest wall disorders- polio, obesity

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16
Q

FVC

A

forced vital capacity

determined by max expiratory effort

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17
Q

FEV1

A

forced expiratory volume in 1 second

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18
Q

PEF

A

peak expiratory flow

highest flow measured with peak flow meter

19
Q

emphysema

A

irreversible wall destruction with over inflation

obstructive

20
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

productive cough with airway inflammation

obstructive

21
Q

asthma

A

reversible obstruction
hyperactive airways triggered by allergens, infection, or other
obstructive

22
Q

COPD

A

emphysema + chronic bronchitis

common in smokers

23
Q

centriacinar emphysema

A 
big and small alveoli
central with distal sparing
upper lobes and apices
associated with smoking
explained by protease/anti-protease hypothesis
24
Q

pancinar emphysema

A

uniformly enlarged acini
from respiratory bronchiole to terminal alveoli
lower lobes
associated with alpha1-AT deficiency (genetic)

25
Q

gene involved in emphysema

A

NRF2

26
Q

PiMM

A

normal Alpha1-AT enzyme involved with emphysema

27
Q

PiZZ

A

abnormal alpha1-AT enzyme involved with emphysema

28
Q

emphysema is noticed when

A

1/3 of lung parenchyma is damaged

29
Q

symptoms of emphysema

A 
dyspnea, cough, wheeze, weight loss
cor pulmonale
respiratory acidosis
pneumothorax
RHF
30
Q

bullous emphysema

A

end stage for centriacinar
large subpleural blebs
rupture can cause pneumothorax

31
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

3 month productive cough with sputum production
goblet cell hyperplasia –> over production of mucos
cigarette smoking
bronchial wall fibrosis

32
Q

simple chronic bronchitis

A

productive cough without obstruction

33
Q

chronic asthmatic bronchitis

A

hyperactive airways with intermittent bronchospasm and wheezing

34
Q

obstructive chronic bronchitis

A

chronic airflow obstruction usually paired with emphysema

35
Q

pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis

A

mucos over production with decreased surfactant production in response to chronic inflammation
can become infected

36
Q

blue bloater

A

chronic bronchitis- hypercapnia, hypoxemia, cyanosis

barrel chested

37
Q

pink puffer

A

emphysema
weight loss, lean forward
breathing through pursed lips

38
Q

biggest intervention for COPD

A

smoking cessation

39
Q

biggest factor of chronic bronchitis

A

smoking

40
Q

bronchiectasis

A

permanent dilation of bronchi/bronchioles due to muscle and elastic tissue destruction from chronic necrotizing infections

41
Q

mucus gland hyperplasia

A

chronic bronchitis

42
Q

airway dilation

A

bronchiectasis

43
Q

alveolar wall destruction

A

emphysema

44
Q

hyaline membranes

A

ARDS

Block 5 (27 decks)

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