Head and Neck 2

Question 1

singer’s nodules

Answer 1

bilateral

Question 2

vocal cord polyps

Answer 2

unilateral

Question 3

reactive nodules

Answer 3

singer’s nodules
polyps
smoker or singer

Question 4

description of nodules

Answer 4

smooth, rounded
sessile or pedunculate
myxoid CT covered by squamous epithelium

Question 5

squamous papilloma

Answer 5

benign neoplasm
soft, rasberry like
fingerlike projections
can occlude trachea

Question 6

virus associated with squamous papillomas

Answer 6

HPV6, 11

Question 7

risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma

Answer 7

cigarette smoking

alcohol

Question 8

description of laryngeal cancer

Answer 8

ulcerating, fungating lesions

Question 9

symptoms of laryngeal cancer

Answer 9

persistent hoarseness
dysphagia
dysphonia

Question 10

branchial cysts

Answer 10

remnants of branchial arches or salivary inclusions in cervical nodes
circumscribed
lymphoid tissue inside
clear watery/mucinous with cellular debris
lateral

Question 11

thyroglossal cyst

Answer 11

remnants of thyroid tract
lymphoid aggregates in walls
recur if not fully excised
medial

Question 12

paragangliomas

Answer 12

neuroendocrine cell clusters associated with ANS

recur with incomplete resection

Question 13

mutation associated with paragangliomas

Answer 13

MENII

Question 14

mucocele

Answer 14

post traumatic blockage/rupture of salivary gland duct

swollen, blue

Question 15

treatment of mucocele

Answer 15

excision

Question 16

most common salivary gland lesion

Answer 16

mucocele

Question 17

most common benign salivary gland tumor

Answer 17

pleomorphic adenoma

Question 18

mutation in pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 18

PLAG1

Question 19

pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 19

mesenchymal and epithelial cell components
painless, slow growing
low recurrence after excision
risk of malignant transformation increases overtime

Question 20

carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 20

epitheilal malignancy from pleomorphic adenoma

Question 21

sarcoma

Answer 21

mesenchymal malignancy from pleomorphic adenoma

Question 22

true malignant mixed tumor

Answer 22

epithelial and mesenchymal malignancy from pleomorphic adenoma

Question 23

second most common benign salivary gland tumor

Answer 23

warthin tumor

Question 24

warthin tumor

Answer 24

papillary structure with oncolytic cells surrounding lymphoid material
usually parotid gland

Question 25

mutation associated with mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Answer 25

METC1-MAML2

Question 26

most common malignant tumor of salivary glands

Answer 26

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 27

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Answer 27

mixture of squamous, mucus secreting, intermediate cells

usually in parotid

Question 28

adenoid cystic carcinoma

Answer 28

slow growing, recurrent
perineural invasion- grows up nerves
common dissemination
aggressive treatment required
cribriform pattern histologically

Question 29

actinic cell carcinoma

Answer 29

looks like normal serous acing cells
usually in parotid
can metastasize to lymph nodes
good 5 year survival