Intro to Respiratory Tract Infections

Question 1

rhinitis

Answer 1

inflammation of nasal mucosa from virus, bacteria, or allergy

Question 2

pharyngitis

Answer 2

inflammation of throat

Question 3

tonsilitis

Answer 3

inflammation of tonsil from infection or allergy

Question 4

sinusitis

Answer 4

5 days = bacterial

nasal congestion, facial pain, bad taste, fever

Question 5

otitis media

Answer 5

middle ear

most are viral

Question 6

otitis externa

Answer 6

external ear

pseudomonas

Question 7

malignant otitis externa

Answer 7

external ear infection by pseudomonas in diabetics

can invade brain

Question 8

laryngitis

Answer 8

larynx inflammation

usually viral

Question 9

epiglottitis

Answer 9

previously caused by H influenza
rare now due to vaccine
asphyxiation possible complication

Question 10

pneumonia

Answer 10

infection of lung parenchyma
many causes
CXR shows infiltrate
complications: abscess, empyema

Question 11

abscess

Answer 11

well demarcated area of pus/infection in lung
round on CXR
possible central necrosis with cavity

Question 12

risk factors for abscess

Answer 12

previous pneumonia by MRSA, gram neg rods, anaerobes

Question 13

empyema

Answer 13

pus in pleural space

Question 14

physical exam findings for empyema

Answer 14

with consolidation- E to A changes, dull to percussion
without consolidation- distant sound, dull percussion
CXR- blunting of costophrenic angles

Question 15

bronchitis

Answer 15

viral inflammation

Question 16

aspiration pneumonia

Answer 16

right side- right bronchus is more vertical than left

usually do to loss of cough reflex/swallowing control

Question 17

respiratory tract host defenses

Answer 17

mucous layer
cilia
macrophages
cough

Question 18

main mechanism for preventing aspiration

Answer 18

cough

Question 19

aspiration pneumonia common location

Answer 19

right lower lobe

Question 20

COPD description

Answer 20

destruction of lung parenchyma

Question 21

atalectasis

Answer 21

collapsed lung

Question 22

obstructive atalectasis

Answer 22

blockage of bronchi by clot or foreign body leading to distal collpase

Question 23

compressive atalectasis

Answer 23

pleural effusion compress all or part of the lung leading to collapse

Question 24

large particels

Answer 24

> 10um
trapped by nose
rhinovirus

Question 25

medium particles

Answer 25

3-10um
in lower main bronchi
influenza

Question 26

small particles

Answer 26

1-5um
lung parenchyma
TB