Intro to Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards
rhinitis
inflammation of nasal mucosa from virus, bacteria, or allergy
pharyngitis
inflammation of throat
tonsilitis
inflammation of tonsil from infection or allergy
sinusitis
5 days = bacterial
nasal congestion, facial pain, bad taste, fever
otitis media
middle ear
most are viral
otitis externa
external ear
pseudomonas
malignant otitis externa
external ear infection by pseudomonas in diabetics
can invade brain
laryngitis
larynx inflammation
usually viral
epiglottitis
previously caused by H influenza
rare now due to vaccine
asphyxiation possible complication
pneumonia
infection of lung parenchyma
many causes
CXR shows infiltrate
complications: abscess, empyema
abscess
well demarcated area of pus/infection in lung
round on CXR
possible central necrosis with cavity
risk factors for abscess
previous pneumonia by MRSA, gram neg rods, anaerobes
empyema
pus in pleural space
physical exam findings for empyema
with consolidation- E to A changes, dull to percussion
without consolidation- distant sound, dull percussion
CXR- blunting of costophrenic angles
bronchitis
viral inflammation
aspiration pneumonia
right side- right bronchus is more vertical than left
usually do to loss of cough reflex/swallowing control
respiratory tract host defenses
mucous layer
cilia
macrophages
cough
main mechanism for preventing aspiration
cough
aspiration pneumonia common location
right lower lobe
COPD description
destruction of lung parenchyma
atalectasis
collapsed lung
obstructive atalectasis
blockage of bronchi by clot or foreign body leading to distal collpase
compressive atalectasis
pleural effusion compress all or part of the lung leading to collapse
large particels
> 10um
trapped by nose
rhinovirus
medium particles
3-10um
in lower main bronchi
influenza
small particles
1-5um
lung parenchyma
TB
